Toxicology 300 Exam Questions With Correct Answers

Toxicology 300 Exam Questions With
Correct Answers

Toxicology |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-multidisciplinary |science |that |"borrows" |approaches |and |
techniques |from |other |sciences



Paracelsus |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Phillipus |Aureolus |Theophrastus |Bombastus |von |
Hohenheim |(1493-1541)

-identified |central |concept |of |tox: |the |dose-response |relationship |(the |dose |defines |the |
poison)



ADME |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-absorption, |distribution, |metabolism, |excretion



Toxicokinetics |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-determination |of |the |time |course |of |disposition |
(ADME) |of |xenobiotics |in |the |body



"what |the |body |does |to |the |drug"



Absorption |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a) |very |small |hydrophilic |chemicals |ie. |EtOH

b) |lipophilic, |organic |chemicals |ie. |DDT, |PCBs

c) |weak, |organic |acids |and |bases |ie. |PPCPs`



Types |of |Absorption |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1) |passive |diffusion |

2) |filtration |(bulk |flow)

3) |active |transport

,4) |facilitated |diffusion

5) |pago- |and |pinocytosis



Passive |Diffusion |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--small |hydrophillic |particles |(water-soluble)

-lipophillic |particles(lipid-soluble)

-weak |acids |and |bases

-a |chemical |follows |its |C |gradient |and |diffuses |across |lipid |domain



Filtration |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--xenobiotic |passes |with |H2O |between |cells |(pressure |
gradient)

-cellular |gap |junctions |- |nm |usually |but |glomurulus |= |70nm |for |large |molecules |(kidney |- |blood
|filtration |~200L/day)



-BBB |has |no |gap |junctions; |protects |brain |from |toxicant |exposure; |recognizes |xeno |as |
substrate |and |sends |it |back |out |into |blood



Active |Transport |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--requires |ATP

-pumps |xenobiotic |against |C |gradient

-excretion |of |xenobiotics |(liver |and |kidney)

-ex. |P-glycoprotein |(multi-drug |resistant |family; |"mdr") |- |high |quantities |in |cancer |cells



Facilitated |Diffusion |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--moves |with |C |gradient

-no |energy |required

-important |for |endogenous |compounds |(nutrients, |electrolytes, |essential |elements) |- |xenos |
can |mimic |these

ex. |PB2+ |mimics |muscle |contraction |regulated |by |Ca2+



Phagocytosis |and |Pinocytosis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--membrane |engulfs |substrate |on |inside |
and |removes |it

, -good |for |fine |particles |in |the |lungs



Routes |of |Absorption |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1) |GI |Tract |- |ingestion

2) |Lungs |- |inhalation

3) |Skin |- |dermal

4) |Other |- |intravenous |(veins)

| subcutaneous |(under |skin |- |many |capillaries)

| intramuscular |(muscle)

| intraperitoreal |(body |cavity)



Ingestion |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--through |GI |tract |by |something |we |are |or |drank

-most |important/common

-lipophillic |toxicants

-can |occur |anywhere |in |GI |tract |but |most |commonly |in |small |intestine |due |to |fine |capillaries

-oral |administration |easy, |economic, |safe |but |variable |absorption, |and |relies |on |patient |
complience



Inhalation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--through |lungs |in |the |form |of |gas |or |vapour

alveoli |(sacs |at |bottom |of |lungs) |- |blood |- |tissues

-rapid |absorption, |avoidance |of |systemic |side |effects |of |some |drugs

-patient |compliance, |regulation |of |dose |administration



Dermal |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--absorbed |through |the |skin, |which |provides |a |thick |layer |of |
protection |against |xenos



Intravenous |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--injected |into |veins

-complete |absorption, |accurate |titration |dose, |can |give |large |volumes, |can |give |tissue |irritants