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PORTAGE LEARNING
NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM
Actual Questions and Answers
100% Guarantee Pass
This=Exam=contains:=
Questions=and=Answers=
100%=Guarantee=Pass
Multiple-Choice=(A–D),=For=Each=Question.=
Each=Question=Includes=The=Correct=Answer=
Expert-Verified=explanation
,###=1.=Persistent=dysplasia=eventually=results=in=cancer.==
True=or=False?==
Answer:=True==
Explanation:=Dysplasia=involves=abnormal=cell=growth=that=disrupts=tissue=architecture.=If=t
he=injurious=stimulus=persists,=dysplastic=cells=can=accumulate=mutations=leading=to=neopla
stic=transformation=and=invasive=cancer.
---
###=2.=Hypertrophy=can=occur=under=normal=and=pathological=conditions.==
True=or=False?==
Answer:=True==
Explanation:=Hypertrophy=is=an=increase=in=cell=size=resulting=in=organ=enlargement.=It=occ
urs=physiologically=(e.g.,=uterine=enlargement=during=pregnancy)=and=pathologically=(e.g.,=le
ft=ventricular=hypertrophy=in=hypertension).
---
###=3.=A=bodybuilder's=muscles=will=display=hyperplasia.==
True=or=False?==
Answer:=False==
Explanation:=Skeletal=muscle=growth=in=adults=primarily=occurs=by=hypertrophy=(increase=i
n=cell=size),=not=hyperplasia=(increase=in=cell=number),=as=skeletal=muscle=cells=are=multinu
cleated=and=post-mitotic.
---
###=4.=Which=are=true=of=mitochondria?=(Select=all=that=apply)==
,A)=Involved=in=cellular=respiration==
B)=Play=a=role=in=apoptosis==
C)=Found=far=from=the=site=of=energy=consumption==
D)=Control=free=radicals==
Answer:=A)=Involved=in=cellular=respiration;=B)=Play=a=role=in=apoptosis==
Explanation:=Mitochondria=are=the=primary=sites=of=ATP=production=through=cellular=respira
tion=and=release=factors=that=trigger=apoptosis.=They=are=typically=located=near=energy-
demanding=sites;=therefore,=choices=C=and=D=are=false=because=mitochondria=localize=clos
e=to=energy=needs=and=can=both=generate=and=scavenge=free=radicals=but=do=not=primarily=
control=them.
---
###=5.=Which=are=true=of=the=cell=membrane?=(Select=all=that=apply)==
A)=Aids=in=the=regulation=of=cell=growth=and=proliferation==
B)=Helps=with=the=conduction=of=electrical=currents=in=nerve=and=muscle=cells==
C)=Controls=the=transport=of=materials=from=outside=fluids=to=within==
D)=Stores=energy=in=the=form=of=ATP==
Answer:=A),=B),=and=C)==
Explanation:=The=cell=membrane=regulates=cell=signaling,=mediates=electrical=conductance
=via=ion=channels,=and=controls=selective=transport=of=substances.=It=does=not=store=ATP;=mi
tochondria=handle=energy=production=and=storage.
---
, ###=6.=Which=of=the=following=are=true=of=the=cell?=(Select=all=that=apply)==
A)=Proteins=carry=out=the=functions=of=the=cell=membrane==
B)=Lysosomes=are=the=digestive=system=of=the=cell==
C)=Microfilaments=are=thin,=threadlike=cytoplasmic=structures==
D)=Mitochondria=synthesize=proteins==
Answer:=A),=B),=and=C)==
Explanation:=Cell=membrane=proteins=are=essential=for=transport=and=signaling;=lysosomes
=digest=cellular=debris;=microfilaments=are=part=of=the=cytoskeleton.=Protein=synthesis=occur
s=mainly=in=ribosomes,=not=mitochondria.
---
###=7.=Metaplastic=cells=are=not=better=prepared=to=survive=under=stressful=circumstances.==
True=or=False?==
Answer:=False==
Explanation:=Metaplastic=cells=adapt=by=changing=from=one=differentiated=cell=type=to=anot
her=that=is=better=suited=to=endure=chronic=stress=or=injury.=This=adaptive=change=often=enh
ances=cell=survival=under=persistent=stress=(e.g.,=squamous=metaplasia=in=the=respiratory=tr
act=due=to=smoking).=Thus,=metaplasia=is=generally=a=protective=response.
---
###=8.=Persistent=metaplasia=can=lead=to=dysplasia.==
True=or=False?==
Answer:=True==
PORTAGE LEARNING
NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM
Actual Questions and Answers
100% Guarantee Pass
This=Exam=contains:=
Questions=and=Answers=
100%=Guarantee=Pass
Multiple-Choice=(A–D),=For=Each=Question.=
Each=Question=Includes=The=Correct=Answer=
Expert-Verified=explanation
,###=1.=Persistent=dysplasia=eventually=results=in=cancer.==
True=or=False?==
Answer:=True==
Explanation:=Dysplasia=involves=abnormal=cell=growth=that=disrupts=tissue=architecture.=If=t
he=injurious=stimulus=persists,=dysplastic=cells=can=accumulate=mutations=leading=to=neopla
stic=transformation=and=invasive=cancer.
---
###=2.=Hypertrophy=can=occur=under=normal=and=pathological=conditions.==
True=or=False?==
Answer:=True==
Explanation:=Hypertrophy=is=an=increase=in=cell=size=resulting=in=organ=enlargement.=It=occ
urs=physiologically=(e.g.,=uterine=enlargement=during=pregnancy)=and=pathologically=(e.g.,=le
ft=ventricular=hypertrophy=in=hypertension).
---
###=3.=A=bodybuilder's=muscles=will=display=hyperplasia.==
True=or=False?==
Answer:=False==
Explanation:=Skeletal=muscle=growth=in=adults=primarily=occurs=by=hypertrophy=(increase=i
n=cell=size),=not=hyperplasia=(increase=in=cell=number),=as=skeletal=muscle=cells=are=multinu
cleated=and=post-mitotic.
---
###=4.=Which=are=true=of=mitochondria?=(Select=all=that=apply)==
,A)=Involved=in=cellular=respiration==
B)=Play=a=role=in=apoptosis==
C)=Found=far=from=the=site=of=energy=consumption==
D)=Control=free=radicals==
Answer:=A)=Involved=in=cellular=respiration;=B)=Play=a=role=in=apoptosis==
Explanation:=Mitochondria=are=the=primary=sites=of=ATP=production=through=cellular=respira
tion=and=release=factors=that=trigger=apoptosis.=They=are=typically=located=near=energy-
demanding=sites;=therefore,=choices=C=and=D=are=false=because=mitochondria=localize=clos
e=to=energy=needs=and=can=both=generate=and=scavenge=free=radicals=but=do=not=primarily=
control=them.
---
###=5.=Which=are=true=of=the=cell=membrane?=(Select=all=that=apply)==
A)=Aids=in=the=regulation=of=cell=growth=and=proliferation==
B)=Helps=with=the=conduction=of=electrical=currents=in=nerve=and=muscle=cells==
C)=Controls=the=transport=of=materials=from=outside=fluids=to=within==
D)=Stores=energy=in=the=form=of=ATP==
Answer:=A),=B),=and=C)==
Explanation:=The=cell=membrane=regulates=cell=signaling,=mediates=electrical=conductance
=via=ion=channels,=and=controls=selective=transport=of=substances.=It=does=not=store=ATP;=mi
tochondria=handle=energy=production=and=storage.
---
, ###=6.=Which=of=the=following=are=true=of=the=cell?=(Select=all=that=apply)==
A)=Proteins=carry=out=the=functions=of=the=cell=membrane==
B)=Lysosomes=are=the=digestive=system=of=the=cell==
C)=Microfilaments=are=thin,=threadlike=cytoplasmic=structures==
D)=Mitochondria=synthesize=proteins==
Answer:=A),=B),=and=C)==
Explanation:=Cell=membrane=proteins=are=essential=for=transport=and=signaling;=lysosomes
=digest=cellular=debris;=microfilaments=are=part=of=the=cytoskeleton.=Protein=synthesis=occur
s=mainly=in=ribosomes,=not=mitochondria.
---
###=7.=Metaplastic=cells=are=not=better=prepared=to=survive=under=stressful=circumstances.==
True=or=False?==
Answer:=False==
Explanation:=Metaplastic=cells=adapt=by=changing=from=one=differentiated=cell=type=to=anot
her=that=is=better=suited=to=endure=chronic=stress=or=injury.=This=adaptive=change=often=enh
ances=cell=survival=under=persistent=stress=(e.g.,=squamous=metaplasia=in=the=respiratory=tr
act=due=to=smoking).=Thus,=metaplasia=is=generally=a=protective=response.
---
###=8.=Persistent=metaplasia=can=lead=to=dysplasia.==
True=or=False?==
Answer:=True==
