,Table of Content
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Chapter 02: Genes and Genetic Diseases ................................................................................................................... 13
Chapter 03: Epigenetics and Disease ......................................................................................................................... 23
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Chapter 04: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology ...................................................................................................... 27
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ......................................................................... 39
Chapter 06: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ..................................................................................................................................... 48
Chapter 07: Adaptive Immunity................................................................................................................................. 60
Chapter 08: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ..................................................................................................................................... 66
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 74
Chapter 09: Stress and Disease .................................................................................................................................. 76
Chapter 10: Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ..................................................................................................................................... 81
Chapter 11: Cancer Epidemiology ............................................................................................................................. 87
Chapter 12: Cancer in Children ................................................................................................................................. 91
Chapter 13: Structure and Function of theNeurologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................... 94
Chapter 14: Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 105
Chapter 15: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function .............................. 116
Chapter 16: Disorders of theCentral and Peripheral Nervous Systems and theNeuromuscular Junction................. 126
Chapter 17: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
6th Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 138
Chapter 18: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation .................................................................................................. 147
Chapter 19: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation .................................................................................................... 156
Chapter 20: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 169
Chapter 21: Alterations of Hematologic Function ................................................................................................... 176
INGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 177
Chapter 22: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 192
Chapter 23: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Huether & McCance:
Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition........................................................................................................... 200
Chapter 24: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function................................................................................................ 210
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 210
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................. 223
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 226
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 228
Chapter 25: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 229
S N T O ...................................................................................................................................................................... 232
Chapter 26: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 236
Chapter 27: Alterations of Pulmonary Function ...................................................................................................... 245
, Chapter 28: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
6th Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 257
Chapter 29: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 265
Chapter 30: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 273
Chapter 31: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 280
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 286
Chapter 33: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
6th Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 295
Chapter 34: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System ...................................................................................... 300
Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Digestive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
6th Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 305
Chapter 36: Alterations of Digestive Function......................................................................................................... 312
Chapter 37: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children...................................................................................... 325
Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 334
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 337
Chapter 39: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function .............................................................................................. 342
Chapter 40: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 352
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 354
Chapter 41: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 357
Chapter 42: Alterations of the Integument in Children ............................................................................................ 366
, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA
with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
a. A single circular chromosome
b. A nucleus
c. Free-floating nuclear material
d. No organelles
ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its
nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a
prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
REF: p. 2
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse
describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
a. Metabolic absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability
involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and
secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
REF: p. 2
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of
the genetic information be contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm
ANS: C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic
acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within
the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are
involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the
cell.
REF: p. 2
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Chapter 02: Genes and Genetic Diseases ................................................................................................................... 13
Chapter 03: Epigenetics and Disease ......................................................................................................................... 23
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Chapter 04: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology ...................................................................................................... 27
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ......................................................................... 39
Chapter 06: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ..................................................................................................................................... 48
Chapter 07: Adaptive Immunity................................................................................................................................. 60
Chapter 08: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ..................................................................................................................................... 66
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 74
Chapter 09: Stress and Disease .................................................................................................................................. 76
Chapter 10: Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ..................................................................................................................................... 81
Chapter 11: Cancer Epidemiology ............................................................................................................................. 87
Chapter 12: Cancer in Children ................................................................................................................................. 91
Chapter 13: Structure and Function of theNeurologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................... 94
Chapter 14: Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 105
Chapter 15: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function .............................. 116
Chapter 16: Disorders of theCentral and Peripheral Nervous Systems and theNeuromuscular Junction................. 126
Chapter 17: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
6th Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 138
Chapter 18: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation .................................................................................................. 147
Chapter 19: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation .................................................................................................... 156
Chapter 20: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 169
Chapter 21: Alterations of Hematologic Function ................................................................................................... 176
INGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 177
Chapter 22: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 192
Chapter 23: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Huether & McCance:
Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition........................................................................................................... 200
Chapter 24: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function................................................................................................ 210
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 210
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................. 223
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 226
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 228
Chapter 25: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 229
S N T O ...................................................................................................................................................................... 232
Chapter 26: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 236
Chapter 27: Alterations of Pulmonary Function ...................................................................................................... 245
, Chapter 28: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
6th Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 257
Chapter 29: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 265
Chapter 30: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 273
Chapter 31: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 280
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 286
Chapter 33: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
6th Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 295
Chapter 34: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System ...................................................................................... 300
Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Digestive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
6th Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 305
Chapter 36: Alterations of Digestive Function......................................................................................................... 312
Chapter 37: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children...................................................................................... 325
Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 334
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 337
Chapter 39: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function .............................................................................................. 342
Chapter 40: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 352
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 354
Chapter 41: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 357
Chapter 42: Alterations of the Integument in Children ............................................................................................ 366
, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA
with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
a. A single circular chromosome
b. A nucleus
c. Free-floating nuclear material
d. No organelles
ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its
nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a
prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
REF: p. 2
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse
describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
a. Metabolic absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability
involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and
secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
REF: p. 2
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of
the genetic information be contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm
ANS: C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic
acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within
the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are
involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the
cell.
REF: p. 2
