NURS 612 EXAM 2 (2025-2026) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
hypopnea
term for abnormally shallow respirations
tachypnea
term for resp rate greater than 20, but consistent and may occur during
hyperventilation; often a symptom of pain
bradypnea
term for resp rate less than 12; may indicate neurologic or electrolyte disturbances,
infection, or conscious response to protect against the pain of pleurisy or other
irritative pneumonia. Can also be 2/2 level of cardio fitness
hyperventilation
term for fast and deep, heavy respirations, can be caused by exercise, anxiety, and
CNS and metabolic diseases
hyperpnea
term for abnormally deep respirations
,kussmaul respirations
deep and mostly rapid respirations, used to describe resp effort of metabolic
acidosis
cheyne stokes respirations
regular breathing with intervals of apnea by crescendo decrescendo breathing; can
be seen in sleeping pts, but mostly pts who are very ill, esp with brain damage
inspect the chest
without clothes on; 1st assess shape and size; 2nd check for symmetry; 3rd thoracic
landmarks; 4th color of skin; 5th check for supernumerary nipples; 6th superficial
venous patterns; and 7th observe for rib prominence
thoracic landmarks
midline trachea, costal angle, angle of ribs, intercostal spaces, suprasternal notch
symmetry of chest
thoracic expansion at costal angle, w/o use of accessory muscles
hx questions for cc of resp issue
, What is the nature of your cough?; Do you produce any sputum?; Is your cough
related to activity?; What position are you most comfortable in?; How many
pillows do you sleep with at night?; Is your SOB related to activity?
normal respirations
rate between 12 to 20/min; ratio of resp to heart beats= 1:4; pt should breathe
easily, regularly w/o apparent distress; pattern should be even, not too shallow or
too deep
biot respirations
irregular breathing that varies in depth and is interrupted irregularly by intervals of
apnea; associated with severe and persistent increased intracranial pressure, resp
compromise from drug poisoning, or brain damage at the medulla and generally
equals poor prognosis
peripheral areas related to respiratory assessment
observe the lips and nails for cyanosis or pallor; lips for pursing; fingers for
clubbing; and alae nasi for flaring
pleural friction rub
dry, rubbing, or grating sound; palpable, coarse, grating vibration; usually on
inspiration; caused by inflammation of the pleural surfaces; think feel of leather
rubbing on leather
ANSWERS GRADED A+
hypopnea
term for abnormally shallow respirations
tachypnea
term for resp rate greater than 20, but consistent and may occur during
hyperventilation; often a symptom of pain
bradypnea
term for resp rate less than 12; may indicate neurologic or electrolyte disturbances,
infection, or conscious response to protect against the pain of pleurisy or other
irritative pneumonia. Can also be 2/2 level of cardio fitness
hyperventilation
term for fast and deep, heavy respirations, can be caused by exercise, anxiety, and
CNS and metabolic diseases
hyperpnea
term for abnormally deep respirations
,kussmaul respirations
deep and mostly rapid respirations, used to describe resp effort of metabolic
acidosis
cheyne stokes respirations
regular breathing with intervals of apnea by crescendo decrescendo breathing; can
be seen in sleeping pts, but mostly pts who are very ill, esp with brain damage
inspect the chest
without clothes on; 1st assess shape and size; 2nd check for symmetry; 3rd thoracic
landmarks; 4th color of skin; 5th check for supernumerary nipples; 6th superficial
venous patterns; and 7th observe for rib prominence
thoracic landmarks
midline trachea, costal angle, angle of ribs, intercostal spaces, suprasternal notch
symmetry of chest
thoracic expansion at costal angle, w/o use of accessory muscles
hx questions for cc of resp issue
, What is the nature of your cough?; Do you produce any sputum?; Is your cough
related to activity?; What position are you most comfortable in?; How many
pillows do you sleep with at night?; Is your SOB related to activity?
normal respirations
rate between 12 to 20/min; ratio of resp to heart beats= 1:4; pt should breathe
easily, regularly w/o apparent distress; pattern should be even, not too shallow or
too deep
biot respirations
irregular breathing that varies in depth and is interrupted irregularly by intervals of
apnea; associated with severe and persistent increased intracranial pressure, resp
compromise from drug poisoning, or brain damage at the medulla and generally
equals poor prognosis
peripheral areas related to respiratory assessment
observe the lips and nails for cyanosis or pallor; lips for pursing; fingers for
clubbing; and alae nasi for flaring
pleural friction rub
dry, rubbing, or grating sound; palpable, coarse, grating vibration; usually on
inspiration; caused by inflammation of the pleural surfaces; think feel of leather
rubbing on leather
