2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ unstructured information. Answer: has no inherent structure or order,
and the parts can't be easily linked together
it is more difficult to break down, categorize, organize, and query
◉ metadata. Answer: data about data
clarifies the nature of the information
for structured information, it describes the definitions for each field,
table and their relationships
for unstructured or semi-structured info it describes properties of a
document or other resource
◉ five advantages of databases. Answer: 1. reduce redundancy
2. increase information quality
,3. flexibility
4. increase information security
5. scalability
◉ relational integrity constraint. Answer: rule that enforces basic and
fundamental information-based constraints (ensure accuracy and
consistency of data)
◉ business-critical integrity constraint. Answer: rule that enforce
business rules vital to an organization's success and often require more
insight and knowledge than relational integrity constraints
◉ password. Answer: provides authentication of the user
◉ access level. Answer: determines who has access to the different types
of information
◉ access control. Answer: determines types of user access, such as read-
only access
◉ entity. Answer: object, concept or event (subject)
ex. Customer
,◉ attributes. Answer: a characteristic of an entity
ex. Customer ID, Customer Name, Contact Name, Phone #
◉ record. Answer: the specific characteristics of one entity also called a
row or tuple
ex. 314-882-2409 or David Logan
A representation of an entity in a meaningful way, which includes the
attributes of the entity, is called a ________.
◉ table. Answer: a collection of records
ex. all the information
◉ database. Answer: a collection of tables
stores info for a single application
◉ primary key. Answer: indicates uniqueness within records or rows in a
table
, ◉ foreign key. Answer: the primary key from another table, this is the
only way join relationships can be established
◉ The Entity Relationship (ER) Model. Answer: forms the basis of an
ER diagram
◉ ERD (entity relationship diagram). Answer: represents conceptual
database as viewed by end user
depicts: entities, attributes, and relationships
◉ cardinality. Answer: the count of records that are allowed or are
necessary between entity relationship
tells us how many rows we need from one table before we can link it to
another table
"number of elements of the set"
◉ Structured query language (SQL). Answer: uses queries to retrieve
records, insert and edit data, and delete records.
widely used to manipulate information in relational databases
◉ IVR. Answer: interactive voice response