NRS 434VN TOPIC 1 ASSIGNMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND HEALTH
PROMOTION TEST PAPER 2026 STUDY GUIDE
REVIEW
◉ Adaptive delays. Answer: Result of complex integration of
multiple skills and abilities easily impacted by injury, illness,
substance use, exposure to trauma, or accumulation of toxic chronic
stressors" (Giddens, 2021).
◉ Five Attributes to Professional Identity. Answer: DOING
BEING
ACTING ETHICALLY
FLOURISHING
CHANGING IDENTITIES
◉ Ethical Issues. Answer: Most frequent ethical issues
• Protecting patients' rights and human dignity
• Respecting/not respecting informed consent to treatment
• Providing care with possible risk to nurse's health
• Using/not using physical or chemical restraints
,• Working with staffing patterns that limit patient access to nursing
care
Most disturbing ethical issues
• Coping w/staffing patterns that limit patient access to nursing care
• Prolonging the living/dying process with inappropriate measures
• Not considering the quality of a patient's life
• Implementing managed care policies that threaten quality of life
• Working with unethical/impaired colleagues
◉ Health Laws. Answer: Common Law - derived from decisions
made by supreme courts
•HIPPATort Law (Medical negligence or malpractice) -
wrongful/unreasonable action or omission that causes harm
•Liability of nurses, physicians, etc...
Contract Law - mutual agreements between 2 or more individuals
•Healthcare contracts between insurance & consumers
Criminal Law - crime that threatens or harms others or endangers
the property or safety of people
•Intentional or neglectful patient care
◉ Consent for treatment. Answer: Outlines patient self-
determination
, Right to privacy and protection
Must be voluntarily in writing
Patient must have capacity
Patient has right to refuse
◉ Capacity. Answer: •Determination made by physician or other
healthcare practitioner
•Evaluation or assessment required
•Can change over time
•Drugs and medical conditions can impact
•Progress dementia, recent brain surgery
◉ Advanced Directives. Answer: Written document outlines
patient's wishes
Can assign someone to make decisions
Must be signed
Other names: Durable power of attorney, living will
◉ POLST. Answer: Physician orders for life-sustaining treatment
•Set of portable medical orders
•Complement to advance directive•Doctor & patient MUST sign
•Does NOT appoint surrogate
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND HEALTH
PROMOTION TEST PAPER 2026 STUDY GUIDE
REVIEW
◉ Adaptive delays. Answer: Result of complex integration of
multiple skills and abilities easily impacted by injury, illness,
substance use, exposure to trauma, or accumulation of toxic chronic
stressors" (Giddens, 2021).
◉ Five Attributes to Professional Identity. Answer: DOING
BEING
ACTING ETHICALLY
FLOURISHING
CHANGING IDENTITIES
◉ Ethical Issues. Answer: Most frequent ethical issues
• Protecting patients' rights and human dignity
• Respecting/not respecting informed consent to treatment
• Providing care with possible risk to nurse's health
• Using/not using physical or chemical restraints
,• Working with staffing patterns that limit patient access to nursing
care
Most disturbing ethical issues
• Coping w/staffing patterns that limit patient access to nursing care
• Prolonging the living/dying process with inappropriate measures
• Not considering the quality of a patient's life
• Implementing managed care policies that threaten quality of life
• Working with unethical/impaired colleagues
◉ Health Laws. Answer: Common Law - derived from decisions
made by supreme courts
•HIPPATort Law (Medical negligence or malpractice) -
wrongful/unreasonable action or omission that causes harm
•Liability of nurses, physicians, etc...
Contract Law - mutual agreements between 2 or more individuals
•Healthcare contracts between insurance & consumers
Criminal Law - crime that threatens or harms others or endangers
the property or safety of people
•Intentional or neglectful patient care
◉ Consent for treatment. Answer: Outlines patient self-
determination
, Right to privacy and protection
Must be voluntarily in writing
Patient must have capacity
Patient has right to refuse
◉ Capacity. Answer: •Determination made by physician or other
healthcare practitioner
•Evaluation or assessment required
•Can change over time
•Drugs and medical conditions can impact
•Progress dementia, recent brain surgery
◉ Advanced Directives. Answer: Written document outlines
patient's wishes
Can assign someone to make decisions
Must be signed
Other names: Durable power of attorney, living will
◉ POLST. Answer: Physician orders for life-sustaining treatment
•Set of portable medical orders
•Complement to advance directive•Doctor & patient MUST sign
•Does NOT appoint surrogate
