BIOD171 / BIOL271 – Microbiology w/Lab
Module 2 Exam Review (2025/2026)
(High-Yield Concepts + Practice Questions with Highlighted Answers)
Prokaryotic Cell Structure & Function
, 4
Key Concepts
• No nucleus – DNA in nucleoid region
• 70S ribosomes (30S + 50S)
• Cell wall contains peptidoglycan
• Gram-positive bacteria: Thick peptidoglycan, teichoic acids
• Gram-negative bacteria: Thin peptidoglycan, outer membrane, LPS
(endotoxin)
• Capsule: Protection & virulence
• Flagella: Motility
• Endospores: Survival structures (e.g., Bacillus, Clostridium)
Practice Questions
1. The outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is found in:
A. Gram-positive bacteria
B. Gram-negative bacteria
C. Archaea
D. Fungi
Answer: B. Gram-negative bacteria
2. The function of bacterial endospores is:
A. Reproduction
B. Energy production
C. Survival in harsh environments
D. Motility
Module 2 Exam Review (2025/2026)
(High-Yield Concepts + Practice Questions with Highlighted Answers)
Prokaryotic Cell Structure & Function
, 4
Key Concepts
• No nucleus – DNA in nucleoid region
• 70S ribosomes (30S + 50S)
• Cell wall contains peptidoglycan
• Gram-positive bacteria: Thick peptidoglycan, teichoic acids
• Gram-negative bacteria: Thin peptidoglycan, outer membrane, LPS
(endotoxin)
• Capsule: Protection & virulence
• Flagella: Motility
• Endospores: Survival structures (e.g., Bacillus, Clostridium)
Practice Questions
1. The outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is found in:
A. Gram-positive bacteria
B. Gram-negative bacteria
C. Archaea
D. Fungi
Answer: B. Gram-negative bacteria
2. The function of bacterial endospores is:
A. Reproduction
B. Energy production
C. Survival in harsh environments
D. Motility
