Total body water is __% of body weight, and formed components are __% of body
weight
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60, 40
Crystalloids
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, -Solutions containing fluid and electrolytes that are normally found in the
body
-Do not contain proteins (colloids)
-No risk for viral transmission, anaphylaxis, or alteration in coagulation
profile
-Better for treating dehydration rather than expanding plasma volume
Parts of a nephron
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Renal corpuscle → proximal convoluted tubule → nephron loop (aka, loop
of Henle) → distal convoluted tubule → collecting duct
Relationship of hydrogen and potassium ions
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-Buffering mechanism:
1. High H+ concentration in blood
2. More H+ enter ISF
3. More H+ enter cell and displace K+ from cell
4. More K+ diffuse into blood
5. High K+ concentration in blood
(Acidosis → hyperkalemia)
-Conversely, alkalosis tends to move more potassium into the cells →
hypokalemia
Causes of hypocalcemia
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-PTH deficiency
-Intestinal malabsorption
-Chronic renal failure
-Vitamin D deficiency
-Medications (diuretics, antacids)
Tonicity
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The osmotic pressure or tension of a solution
Atrial natriuretic peptide role in the kidneys
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-Increases GFR by altering pressure in the glomerular capillaries
-Reduces the reabsorption of sodium in the distal convoluted tubules
through inhibition of ADH
-Reduces renin secretion, inhibiting the RAAS
◦Result = fluid loss from the extra cellular compartment and lowered blood
pressure
Hyperchloremia
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, Excessive sodium chloride intake
Treatment of dehydration
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-Depends on cause
◦Rehydration
◦Assessments
◦Daily weights
◦I & O
◦Lab values
◦Increased fluids
If hyponatremia is dilutional from excess water (hypervolemic hyponatremia),
manifestations include...
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weight gain, edema, ascites, and jugular vein distension
Isotonic solutions
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Same osmolality both in and out of the cell so there is no movement of
water
weight
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60, 40
Crystalloids
Give this one a try later!
, -Solutions containing fluid and electrolytes that are normally found in the
body
-Do not contain proteins (colloids)
-No risk for viral transmission, anaphylaxis, or alteration in coagulation
profile
-Better for treating dehydration rather than expanding plasma volume
Parts of a nephron
Give this one a try later!
Renal corpuscle → proximal convoluted tubule → nephron loop (aka, loop
of Henle) → distal convoluted tubule → collecting duct
Relationship of hydrogen and potassium ions
Give this one a try later!
-Buffering mechanism:
1. High H+ concentration in blood
2. More H+ enter ISF
3. More H+ enter cell and displace K+ from cell
4. More K+ diffuse into blood
5. High K+ concentration in blood
(Acidosis → hyperkalemia)
-Conversely, alkalosis tends to move more potassium into the cells →
hypokalemia
Causes of hypocalcemia
,Give this one a try later!
-PTH deficiency
-Intestinal malabsorption
-Chronic renal failure
-Vitamin D deficiency
-Medications (diuretics, antacids)
Tonicity
Give this one a try later!
The osmotic pressure or tension of a solution
Atrial natriuretic peptide role in the kidneys
Give this one a try later!
-Increases GFR by altering pressure in the glomerular capillaries
-Reduces the reabsorption of sodium in the distal convoluted tubules
through inhibition of ADH
-Reduces renin secretion, inhibiting the RAAS
◦Result = fluid loss from the extra cellular compartment and lowered blood
pressure
Hyperchloremia
Give this one a try later!
, Excessive sodium chloride intake
Treatment of dehydration
Give this one a try later!
-Depends on cause
◦Rehydration
◦Assessments
◦Daily weights
◦I & O
◦Lab values
◦Increased fluids
If hyponatremia is dilutional from excess water (hypervolemic hyponatremia),
manifestations include...
Give this one a try later!
weight gain, edema, ascites, and jugular vein distension
Isotonic solutions
Give this one a try later!
Same osmolality both in and out of the cell so there is no movement of
water
