Nursing 230 final exam UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Atelectasis Collapse of alveoli or lungs leading to impaired
gas exchange.
Causes: immobility, hypoventilation, obstruction,
Anastesia.
Prevention: TCDB (turn, cough, deep breathe),
early ambulation, incentive spirometry.
Incentive Spirometry Encourages deep breathing to prevent atelectasis.
Use: inhale slowly and hold breath for 3-5 sec.
Do 10x/hour while awake or post-op.
for every TV commercial.
Dosage Calculation Formula: D/H × Q = X(D = desired dose, H = on-
hand dose, Q = quantity on hand)
For IV: mL/hr = (Total mL / Hours)
Drops/min = (mL/hr × drop factor) ÷ 60
Pain Types: acute, chronic, nociceptive, neuropathic.
Use pain scales (0-10), observe non-verbal cues.
Treat with pharmacologic + non-pharmacologic
methods.
Specialty Diets Clear liquid: broth, gelatin, juice.
Full liquid: includes dairy, pureed soups.
Renal: low protein, sodium, potassium.
Diabetic: carb control.
Low sodium: for HTN/heart failure.
, Aspiration Precautions Elevate HOB 30-45° during and after feeding.
Check gag reflex.
Use thickened liquids if needed.
dysphasia screening before feeding.
Enteral Feeding Confirm placement (X-ray, pH < 5).
Elevate HOB 30-45°, flush before & after meds.
Check residuals per policy.
Hygiene Includes bathing, oral care, perineal care.
Maintain dignity, promote independence.
Oral care crucial for unconscious patients (risk of
pneumonia and tooth loss).
Use warm water, avoid harsh soaps.
Culture and Sensitivity Culture identifies pathogen.
Sensitivity shows which antibiotics will work.
Collect before starting antibiotics.
Subcutaneous Injection 45-90° angle; common sites: abdomen, thigh, arm.
Rotate sites; max 1 mL per injection. 90˚ for fatties
Insulin Administration Use insulin syringe only.
Rotate sites; do not massage.
Check glucose before admin.
Mix: clear (regular) before cloudy (NPH).
Opioid Pain Medication Monitor: RR, sedation level, constipation.
Use cautiously in elderly.
Antidote: naloxone. (narcan)
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Atelectasis Collapse of alveoli or lungs leading to impaired
gas exchange.
Causes: immobility, hypoventilation, obstruction,
Anastesia.
Prevention: TCDB (turn, cough, deep breathe),
early ambulation, incentive spirometry.
Incentive Spirometry Encourages deep breathing to prevent atelectasis.
Use: inhale slowly and hold breath for 3-5 sec.
Do 10x/hour while awake or post-op.
for every TV commercial.
Dosage Calculation Formula: D/H × Q = X(D = desired dose, H = on-
hand dose, Q = quantity on hand)
For IV: mL/hr = (Total mL / Hours)
Drops/min = (mL/hr × drop factor) ÷ 60
Pain Types: acute, chronic, nociceptive, neuropathic.
Use pain scales (0-10), observe non-verbal cues.
Treat with pharmacologic + non-pharmacologic
methods.
Specialty Diets Clear liquid: broth, gelatin, juice.
Full liquid: includes dairy, pureed soups.
Renal: low protein, sodium, potassium.
Diabetic: carb control.
Low sodium: for HTN/heart failure.
, Aspiration Precautions Elevate HOB 30-45° during and after feeding.
Check gag reflex.
Use thickened liquids if needed.
dysphasia screening before feeding.
Enteral Feeding Confirm placement (X-ray, pH < 5).
Elevate HOB 30-45°, flush before & after meds.
Check residuals per policy.
Hygiene Includes bathing, oral care, perineal care.
Maintain dignity, promote independence.
Oral care crucial for unconscious patients (risk of
pneumonia and tooth loss).
Use warm water, avoid harsh soaps.
Culture and Sensitivity Culture identifies pathogen.
Sensitivity shows which antibiotics will work.
Collect before starting antibiotics.
Subcutaneous Injection 45-90° angle; common sites: abdomen, thigh, arm.
Rotate sites; max 1 mL per injection. 90˚ for fatties
Insulin Administration Use insulin syringe only.
Rotate sites; do not massage.
Check glucose before admin.
Mix: clear (regular) before cloudy (NPH).
Opioid Pain Medication Monitor: RR, sedation level, constipation.
Use cautiously in elderly.
Antidote: naloxone. (narcan)
