UCSB EEMB 2 Final Exam || Complete
Questions & Verified Correct Answers 2026
Evolution - CORRECT ANSWER -the process by which different kinds of living organisms are
thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth
Lamarck - CORRECT ANSWER --invertebrate zoology
-first comprehensive theory of evolution - use/disuse model (giraffes)
-inheritance of acquired characteristics
-importance of environments
Lyell - CORRECT ANSWER -"Principles of Geology"
-countless small changes occurring over vast periods of time, all according to known natural
laws
-earth is ancient and develops slowly
Malthus - CORRECT ANSWER --pop growth will always overtake the food supply
Cuvier - CORRECT ANSWER -comparative anatomy and extinction
Hardy-Weinberg principle - CORRECT ANSWER --Allele and genotype frequencies in a population
will remain constant from gen to gen in the absence of other evolutionary influences
To remain at H-W equilibrium - CORRECT ANSWER -1. large breeding pop
2. random mating
3. no change in allele freq due to mutation
4. no immigration or emigration
, 5. no natural selection
general equation to calculate individual allele frequencies in a two-allele system (H-W) -
CORRECT ANSWER -freqB = p = (2N[BB] + N[Bb])/2N
*Bb will never be greater than 50%
Effective population size - CORRECT ANSWER -size of population that can mate
Extinction vortex - CORRECT ANSWER -mutual reinforcement occurs among biotic + abiotic
processes that drives a population to extinction
Gene flow - CORRECT ANSWER -transfer of genetic variation from one pop to another
mutational metdown - CORRECT ANSWER -accumulation of harmful mutations in a small pop -->
loss of fitness + decline in pop size
-caused by genetic drift
negative/positive assortative mating - CORRECT ANSWER -neg: avoid mating with similar
individuals
pos: opposite ^
balancing selection - CORRECT ANSWER -multiple alleles are maintained in the gene pool of a
population at frequencies higher than expected from genetic drift alone
-could be due to heterozygote advantage, coevolutionary dynamics (other species exhibits a
common trait in first species), negative assort mating, spatially (temporally fluctuating selection)
-leads to negative frequency - dependent selection: allele more common decreases fitness
Questions & Verified Correct Answers 2026
Evolution - CORRECT ANSWER -the process by which different kinds of living organisms are
thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth
Lamarck - CORRECT ANSWER --invertebrate zoology
-first comprehensive theory of evolution - use/disuse model (giraffes)
-inheritance of acquired characteristics
-importance of environments
Lyell - CORRECT ANSWER -"Principles of Geology"
-countless small changes occurring over vast periods of time, all according to known natural
laws
-earth is ancient and develops slowly
Malthus - CORRECT ANSWER --pop growth will always overtake the food supply
Cuvier - CORRECT ANSWER -comparative anatomy and extinction
Hardy-Weinberg principle - CORRECT ANSWER --Allele and genotype frequencies in a population
will remain constant from gen to gen in the absence of other evolutionary influences
To remain at H-W equilibrium - CORRECT ANSWER -1. large breeding pop
2. random mating
3. no change in allele freq due to mutation
4. no immigration or emigration
, 5. no natural selection
general equation to calculate individual allele frequencies in a two-allele system (H-W) -
CORRECT ANSWER -freqB = p = (2N[BB] + N[Bb])/2N
*Bb will never be greater than 50%
Effective population size - CORRECT ANSWER -size of population that can mate
Extinction vortex - CORRECT ANSWER -mutual reinforcement occurs among biotic + abiotic
processes that drives a population to extinction
Gene flow - CORRECT ANSWER -transfer of genetic variation from one pop to another
mutational metdown - CORRECT ANSWER -accumulation of harmful mutations in a small pop -->
loss of fitness + decline in pop size
-caused by genetic drift
negative/positive assortative mating - CORRECT ANSWER -neg: avoid mating with similar
individuals
pos: opposite ^
balancing selection - CORRECT ANSWER -multiple alleles are maintained in the gene pool of a
population at frequencies higher than expected from genetic drift alone
-could be due to heterozygote advantage, coevolutionary dynamics (other species exhibits a
common trait in first species), negative assort mating, spatially (temporally fluctuating selection)
-leads to negative frequency - dependent selection: allele more common decreases fitness
