ANSWERS|LATEST !!!!2026|GRADED A+| (EXAM
Compacted soil often lacks which factor necessary for plant survival? -
ANSWER Sufficient water, oxygen, and pore space
If a transplanted tree declines or dies within the first year, the cause is most likely a lack or
excess of _______ - ANSWER Water
What type of injury occurs when the outer wood and bark of a tree cool rapidly, causing
both to contract and split? - ANSWER Frost cracks
A root that arises from a stem, rather than from another root, is called a(n) _______. -
ANSWER Adventitious root
In an area around a tree that is frequently mowed, an arborist removed the turf grass and
replaced it with mulch. What type of problem was she trying to prevent? -
ANSWER Physical damage
Leaf or fruit drop is also called _______. - ANSWER Abscission
What type of plant is more adapted to dry areas? - ANSWER Xerophyte
What is the point at which a plant cannot pull any more water from the soil and suffers
permanent damage? - ANSWER Permanent wilting point
1
,Which of the following is a physical injury? - ANSWER Lightning damage
Which of the following situations is prone to girdling roots? - ANSWER Trees planted
too deeply
The process in which a tree uses oxygen to convert carbohydrates into energy is called
_______. - ANSWER Aerobic respiration
A prolonged water shortage lasting from days to months refers to what is called _______. -
ANSWER Chronic water deficit
What is the most common growth factor that trees or other plants compete for? -
ANSWER Sunlight
A plant is more likely to experience freezing and chilling injury if it has not had the chance to
become _______. - ANSWER Hardened off
A compound that is poisonous to plants is considered _______. -
ANSWER Phytotoxic
A tree's natural process of defense by which chemical and physical boundaries are created to
limit the spread of disease and decay organisms is known as _______. -
ANSWER Compartmentalization
What is the transition zone from trunk to roots? - ANSWER Trunk Flare
2
,A tree has a long, spirally oriented scar down the length of its trunk that follows the grain of
the wood where the bark was ripped away. What was the likely cause of this injury? -
ANSWER Lightning Strike
A substance that moves throughout an entire plant is said to be _______. -
ANSWER systemic
The signs of insect feeding damage are directly related to ________. - ANSWER The
type of mouthparts the insect has
Aphids/adelgids, some scales, leafhoppers, and true bugs use what method of feeding? -
ANSWER Piercing and sucking
What is honeydew? - ANSWER a sticky substance secreted by certain insects when
feeding upon plants
Japanese beetles create skeletonized leaves. How are Japanese beetles classified? -
ANSWER Defoliating insects
Scale insects are sometimes confused with galls. What is a quick way to distinguish between
the two? - ANSWER Scrape of the bump and observe the bark below
Insects that carry and transmit disease are known as _______. - ANSWER Vectors
Fungicides are usually most effective when used to _______. - ANSWER Prevent the
etablishment of a disease
Which of the following is a conclusive sign of borer damage? - ANSWER Small holes
in the trunk and branches with frass
3
, Animals can create risk situations for arborist work in trees. - ANSWER True
Which of the following is characteristic of a vascular disease? - ANSWER extremely
difficult to eliminate after infection occurs
What is a common leaf symptom of feeding damage by piercing and sucking insects? -
ANSWER Chlorosis, stippling, drooping
Nematodes most commonly attack what part of the tree? - ANSWER Root system
Which of the following types of scales produces honeydew? - ANSWER Soft Scales
Which of the following is a way beavers can cause tree damage? - ANSWER Feeding
on a tree's bark, submerging roots for long periods of time by damming waterways, felling
trees for dam construction
Some diseases require more than one host to complete their life cycle. These hosts are
called _______. - ANSWER Alternate host
Which animal has a feeding pattern that looks jagged or torn? - ANSWER Deer
What can become serious if a susceptible host, a pathogenic organism, a suitable
environment, and the right timing are present? - ANSWER Disease
If rodents are a problem during the winter, you should _______. - ANSWER Place a
physical barrier around the affected tree
4
Compacted soil often lacks which factor necessary for plant survival? -
ANSWER Sufficient water, oxygen, and pore space
If a transplanted tree declines or dies within the first year, the cause is most likely a lack or
excess of _______ - ANSWER Water
What type of injury occurs when the outer wood and bark of a tree cool rapidly, causing
both to contract and split? - ANSWER Frost cracks
A root that arises from a stem, rather than from another root, is called a(n) _______. -
ANSWER Adventitious root
In an area around a tree that is frequently mowed, an arborist removed the turf grass and
replaced it with mulch. What type of problem was she trying to prevent? -
ANSWER Physical damage
Leaf or fruit drop is also called _______. - ANSWER Abscission
What type of plant is more adapted to dry areas? - ANSWER Xerophyte
What is the point at which a plant cannot pull any more water from the soil and suffers
permanent damage? - ANSWER Permanent wilting point
1
,Which of the following is a physical injury? - ANSWER Lightning damage
Which of the following situations is prone to girdling roots? - ANSWER Trees planted
too deeply
The process in which a tree uses oxygen to convert carbohydrates into energy is called
_______. - ANSWER Aerobic respiration
A prolonged water shortage lasting from days to months refers to what is called _______. -
ANSWER Chronic water deficit
What is the most common growth factor that trees or other plants compete for? -
ANSWER Sunlight
A plant is more likely to experience freezing and chilling injury if it has not had the chance to
become _______. - ANSWER Hardened off
A compound that is poisonous to plants is considered _______. -
ANSWER Phytotoxic
A tree's natural process of defense by which chemical and physical boundaries are created to
limit the spread of disease and decay organisms is known as _______. -
ANSWER Compartmentalization
What is the transition zone from trunk to roots? - ANSWER Trunk Flare
2
,A tree has a long, spirally oriented scar down the length of its trunk that follows the grain of
the wood where the bark was ripped away. What was the likely cause of this injury? -
ANSWER Lightning Strike
A substance that moves throughout an entire plant is said to be _______. -
ANSWER systemic
The signs of insect feeding damage are directly related to ________. - ANSWER The
type of mouthparts the insect has
Aphids/adelgids, some scales, leafhoppers, and true bugs use what method of feeding? -
ANSWER Piercing and sucking
What is honeydew? - ANSWER a sticky substance secreted by certain insects when
feeding upon plants
Japanese beetles create skeletonized leaves. How are Japanese beetles classified? -
ANSWER Defoliating insects
Scale insects are sometimes confused with galls. What is a quick way to distinguish between
the two? - ANSWER Scrape of the bump and observe the bark below
Insects that carry and transmit disease are known as _______. - ANSWER Vectors
Fungicides are usually most effective when used to _______. - ANSWER Prevent the
etablishment of a disease
Which of the following is a conclusive sign of borer damage? - ANSWER Small holes
in the trunk and branches with frass
3
, Animals can create risk situations for arborist work in trees. - ANSWER True
Which of the following is characteristic of a vascular disease? - ANSWER extremely
difficult to eliminate after infection occurs
What is a common leaf symptom of feeding damage by piercing and sucking insects? -
ANSWER Chlorosis, stippling, drooping
Nematodes most commonly attack what part of the tree? - ANSWER Root system
Which of the following types of scales produces honeydew? - ANSWER Soft Scales
Which of the following is a way beavers can cause tree damage? - ANSWER Feeding
on a tree's bark, submerging roots for long periods of time by damming waterways, felling
trees for dam construction
Some diseases require more than one host to complete their life cycle. These hosts are
called _______. - ANSWER Alternate host
Which animal has a feeding pattern that looks jagged or torn? - ANSWER Deer
What can become serious if a susceptible host, a pathogenic organism, a suitable
environment, and the right timing are present? - ANSWER Disease
If rodents are a problem during the winter, you should _______. - ANSWER Place a
physical barrier around the affected tree
4
