NR 412 Exam 2
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Define acid-base balance - correct answer✔ ✔
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Normal Function of body cells depend on regulation of acid-
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base balance
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Delicate balance (homeostasis) between acids and bases
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The Regulation of ___ is the key component of acid-
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base balance - correct answer✔ ✔ H+
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-
The pH of a fluid reflects the Hydrogen ion concentration of t
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hat fluid
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normal pH of arterial blood - correct answer✔ ✔ 7.35 -
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7.45
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There is a(n) ______ relationship between pH and H+ ion con
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centration - correct answer✔ ✔ inverse
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,-
The higher the H+ ion concentration, the lower the pH, and vi
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sa versa
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acidosis - correct answer✔ ✔ pH below 7.35
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Excess acids sd
Base (bicarbonate) deficit
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alkalosis - correct answer✔ ✔ pH above 7.45
sd sd sd sd sd
Excess bases (bicarbonate)
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Acid deficitsd
incompatible pH w life - correct answer✔ ✔
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<6.8 and > 7.8 sd sd sd
Three physiological mechanisms regulate balance by maintaini
sd sd sd sd sd sd
ng pH: - correct answer✔ ✔ 1. Chemical buffers
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2. Respiratory System
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-CO2
,3. Kidneys
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-HCO3
chemical buffer systems -
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what do they do & 3 principle buffers - correct answer✔ ✔
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Do not eliminate acids or bases from the body -
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they minimize pH changes
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React to minimize pH changes
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Capacity of the buffer is limited
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Hemostasis relies on the lungs and kidneys for true acid base
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compensation
Three Principle Buffers:
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1. Bicarbonate Buffer System
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2. Transcellular Hydrogen-Potassium Exchange System
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3. Protein Buffer System
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, Chemical Buffer System: sd sd
Transcellular Hydrogen/Potassium Exchange - correct answer
sd sd sd sd sd
✔ ✔ -Both H+ and K+ are positively charged sd sd sd sd sd sd
-
Both H+ and K+ move freely between the ICF and ECF comp
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artments
-
When excess H+ is present in the intravascular space, it move
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s into the ICF in exchange for K+
sd sd sd sd sd sd sd
-
When excess K+ is present in the intravascular space, it move
sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd
s into the ICF in exchange for H+
sd sd sd sd sd sd sd
respiratory system as buffer - correct answer✔ ✔
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Lungs are the major organs of acid elimination
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Lungs excrete carbonic acid in it's gaseous form (CO2)
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As CO2 rises, acids ____and pH ____.
sd sd sd sd sd sd sd
sd sd sd
Define acid-base balance - correct answer✔ ✔
sd sd sd sd sd
Normal Function of body cells depend on regulation of acid-
sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd
base balance
sd
Delicate balance (homeostasis) between acids and bases
sd sd sd sd sd sd
The Regulation of ___ is the key component of acid-
sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd
base balance - correct answer✔ ✔ H+
sd sd sd sd
-
The pH of a fluid reflects the Hydrogen ion concentration of t
sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd
hat fluid
sd
normal pH of arterial blood - correct answer✔ ✔ 7.35 -
sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd
7.45
sd
There is a(n) ______ relationship between pH and H+ ion con
sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd
centration - correct answer✔ ✔ inverse
sd sd sd
,-
The higher the H+ ion concentration, the lower the pH, and vi
sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd
sa versa
sd
acidosis - correct answer✔ ✔ pH below 7.35
sd sd sd sd sd
Excess acids sd
Base (bicarbonate) deficit
sd sd
alkalosis - correct answer✔ ✔ pH above 7.45
sd sd sd sd sd
Excess bases (bicarbonate)
sd sd
Acid deficitsd
incompatible pH w life - correct answer✔ ✔
sd sd sd sd sd sd
<6.8 and > 7.8 sd sd sd
Three physiological mechanisms regulate balance by maintaini
sd sd sd sd sd sd
ng pH: - correct answer✔ ✔ 1. Chemical buffers
sd sd sd sd sd sd
2. Respiratory System
sd sd
-CO2
,3. Kidneys
sd
-HCO3
chemical buffer systems -
sd sd sd
what do they do & 3 principle buffers - correct answer✔ ✔
sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd
Do not eliminate acids or bases from the body -
sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd
they minimize pH changes
sd sd sd sd
React to minimize pH changes
sd sd sd sd sd
Capacity of the buffer is limited
sd sd sd sd sd
Hemostasis relies on the lungs and kidneys for true acid base
sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd
compensation
Three Principle Buffers:
sd sd
1. Bicarbonate Buffer System
sd sd sd
2. Transcellular Hydrogen-Potassium Exchange System
sd sd sd sd
3. Protein Buffer System
sd sd sd
, Chemical Buffer System: sd sd
Transcellular Hydrogen/Potassium Exchange - correct answer
sd sd sd sd sd
✔ ✔ -Both H+ and K+ are positively charged sd sd sd sd sd sd
-
Both H+ and K+ move freely between the ICF and ECF comp
sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd
artments
-
When excess H+ is present in the intravascular space, it move
sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd
s into the ICF in exchange for K+
sd sd sd sd sd sd sd
-
When excess K+ is present in the intravascular space, it move
sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd
s into the ICF in exchange for H+
sd sd sd sd sd sd sd
respiratory system as buffer - correct answer✔ ✔
sd sd sd sd sd sd
Lungs are the major organs of acid elimination
sd sd sd sd sd sd sd
Lungs excrete carbonic acid in it's gaseous form (CO2)
sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd
As CO2 rises, acids ____and pH ____.
sd sd sd sd sd sd sd
