Exam -2 Pharm 2 (41-56) PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+

Exam #2 Pharm 2
(41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,55,
56) PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
GUARANTEED PASS
1.Chh41h-hhCORRECThANSWERS-Diuretics



Thehnursehknowshthathdiureticshmostlyhaffecthwhichhfunctionhofhthehkidneys?h-
hhCORRECThANSWERS-Cleansinghandhmaintenancehofhextracellularhfluidhvolumeh


h




Mosthdiureticshblockhsodiumhandhchloridehreabsorption,hthushaffectinghthehmaintenancehofhextrac
ellularhfluidhvolume.



Thehnursehplanshtohcloselyhmonitorhforhwhichhclinicalhmanifestationhafterhadministeringhfurosemid
eh[Lasix]?h-hhCORRECThANSWERS-Decreasedhbloodhpressureh




High-
ceilinghloophdiuretics,hsuchhashfurosemide,harehthehmostheffectivehdiuretichagents.hTheyhproduceh
morehlosshofhfluidhandhelectrolyteshthanhanyhothers.hAhsuddenhlosshofhfluidhcanhresulthinhdecreased
hbloodhpressure.hWhenhbloodhpressurehdrops,hthehpulsehprobablyhwillhincreasehratherhthanhdecre


ase.hLasixhshouldhnothaffecthrespirationshorhtemperature.hThehnursehshouldhalsohcloselyhmonitorht
hehpatient'shpotassiumhlevel.



Thehnursehcaringhforhahpatienthtakinghfurosemideh[Lasix]hishreviewinghthehpatient'shmosthrecenthla
boratoryhresults,hwhichhare:hsodium,h136hmEq/L;hpotassium,h3.2hmEq/L;hchloride,h100hmEq/L;hblo

,odhureahnitrogen,h15hmg/dL.hWhathishthehnurse'shbesthaction?h-hhCORRECThANSWERS-
HoldhthehLasixhandhnotifyhthehphysician.h




Thehnurse'shbesthactionhishtohholdhthehLasixhandhnotifyhthehphysician.hLoophdiuretics,hsuchhashfuros
emide,hcanhcausehsignificanthpotassiumhloss.hThehnormalhpotassiumhlevelhish3.5htoh5hmEq/L.hThehr
emaininghelectrolytehlevelsharehnormal.hAdministeringhthehLasixhcouldhresulthinhahcriticallyhlowhpot
assiumhlevel.hEffectshofhlowhpotassiumhincludehcardiachdysrhythmias.hPlacinghahpatienthonhahcardia
chmonitorhrequireshahphysician'shorderhandhwouldhwarranthfurtherhassessmenthfirst,hsuchhashtakin
ghvitalhsignshandhaskinghthehpatienthwhetherhhehorhshehishhavinghanyhcardiac-
relatedhsymptoms.hCollectinghah24-hourhurinehspecimenhishnothappropriatehinhthishcase.



Thehnursehshouldhmonitorhforhwhichhadverseheffecthafterhadministeringhhydrochlorothiazideh[Hyd
roDIURIL]handhdigoxinh[Lanoxin]htohahpatient?h-hhCORRECThANSWERS-Digoxinhtoxicity




Digoxinhlevelshhavehanhinversehrelationshiphwithhpotassiumhlevels.hBecausehhydrochlorothiazidehc
anhlowerhpotassiumhlevels,hcombinedhusehofhhydrochlorothiazidehandhdigoxinhposeshahriskhforhele
vatedhdigoxinhlevelshandhensuinghdigoxinhtoxicity.



Thehnursehishcaringhforhahpatienthwithhhearthfailurehwhohneedshahdiuretic.hWhichhagenthishlikelyhtoh
behchosen,hbecausehithhashbeenhshownhtohgreatlyhreducehmortalityhinhpatientshwithhhearthfailure?h
-hhCORRECThANSWERS-Spironolactoneh[Aldactone]h




Spironolactonehishahpotassium-
sparinghdiuretichusedhtohtreathbothhhypertensionhandhedema.hIthishahpreferredhdrughinhhearthfailur
e,hbecausehithhashbeenhshownhtohhavehahcardioprotectiveheffect,hreducinghmortalityhinhpatientshwi
thhhearthfailure.

,Thehnursehishteachinghahpatienthwhohhashahnewhprescriptionhforhspironolactoneh[Aldactone].hWhic
hhstatementhbyhthehpatienthindicateshthaththehteachinghwasheffective?h-hhCORRECThANSWERS-
"IhwillhcallhmyhdoctorhifhIhbeginhhavinghmenstrualhirregularities."h


h



Spironolactonehishahpotassium-sparing,haldosterone-
blockinghdiuretic.hAshsuch,hithcanhcausehendocrineheffects,hsuchhashgynecomastia,hmenstrualhirreg
ularities,himpotence,hhirsutism,handhdeepeninghofhthehvoice.hPatientshtakinghspironolactonehshoul
dhavoidhsalthsubstituteshbecausehtheyhcontainhpotassium,handhhigh-
potassiumhfoodshshouldhbehavoidedhwithhthishdrug.hIdeally,hallhdiureticshshouldhbehtakenhinhthehm
orninghtohpreventhnocturia.



Thehhealthcarehproviderhordershfurosemideh[Lasix]h20hmghIVhtwicehdaily.hThehmedicationhavailable
hishfurosemideh[Lasix]h10hmg/mL.hHowhmanyhmLhwillhthehnursehadministerhwithheachhdose?h-


hhCORRECThANSWERS-2hmLh




h



Thehhealthcarehproviderhhashorderedh20hmghofhfurosemideh[Lasix],hwhichhishavailablehinh10hmg/m
L.hMultiplyh10hmg/mLhbyh2htohequalh20hmg/2hmL.hThehnursehwillhadministerh2hmLhofhfurosemidehto
hequalh20hmghwithheachhdose.




Thehnursehishreviewinghthehhomehmedicationhlisthwithhthehpatient.hThehnursehrecognizeshthathhydr
ochlorothiazidehishusedhprimarilyhforhwhichhcondition?h-hhCORRECThANSWERS-Hypertensionh




Thehprimaryhindicationhforhhydrochlorothiazidehishhypertension,hahconditionhforhwhichhthiazidesha
rehoftenhthehdrugshofhfirsthchoice.hHydrochlorothiazidesharehusedhforhthehotherhconditions,hbuthth
ehprimaryhindicationhishhypertension.



Thehhealthcarehproviderhordershmannitolh72hgmhinfusionhoverh24hhours.hThehnursehplanshtohsethth
ehinfusionhpumphforhhowhmanyhgramshperhhour?h-hhCORRECThANSWERS-3hgmh

, Tohinfuseh72hgramshoverh24hhours,hdivideh72hbyh24hforhthehtotalhperhhour.h72hdividedhbyh24hequalsh
3hgramshperhhour.



Whichhofhthehfollowinghstatementshabouthmannitolh[Osmitrol]harehcorrect?h(Selecthallhthathapply.)h
-hhCORRECThANSWERS--Mannitolhcannothbehgivenhorally.

-Mannitolhcanhcausehedema.h

-Diuresishbeginshinh30htoh60hminuteshafterhadministration.
h




MannitolhdoeshnothdiffusehacrosshthehGIhepitheliumhandhcannothbehtransportedhbyhthehuptakehsys
temshthathabsorbhdietaryhsugars.hAccordingly,htohreachhthehcirculation,hthehdrughmusthbehgivenhpa
renterally.hDiuresishbeginshinh30htoh60hminuteshandhpersistsh6htoh8hhours.hMannitolhcanhleavehthehv
ascularhsystemhathallhcapillaryhbedshexcepththosehofhthehbrain.hWhenhthehdrughexitshcapillaries,hithd
rawshwaterhalong,hcausinghedema.hMannitolhishusehinhprophylaxishofhrenalhfailure.hMannitolhishanh
osmotichdiuretic,hnothahloophdiuretic.



Chh43h-hhCORRECThANSWERS-ReviewhofhHemodynamics



Whichhhemodynamichsystemhserveshashahreservoirhforhcirculatinghblood?h-hhCORRECThANSWERS-
Veinsh




Mosthofhthehcirculatinghbloodhishinhthehveins,hvenules,handhvenoushsinuses.hThehvenoushsystemhser
veshashahreservoirhforhcirculatinghblood.



Completehthehequation:hCardiachoutputh=hVolumehofhbloodhejectedhatheachhheartbeath×h____.h-
hhCORRECThANSWERS-Hearthrateh