b b b
,Chapter01:Aging,Health,andWellness ina GlobalCommunityTouhy: b b h
Ebersole & Hess’ Toward Healthy Aging, 10thEdition
h h h h h h h h
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. Whenasked bynewparentswhatthelifeexpectancyis fortheir AfricanAmericannewborn, the
h h h h h
nursereplies that, “2015 statistics indicate that yourson:
h h h h h h h
a. willhavealifeexpectancyofapproximately65 years.” h
b. canrealisticallyexpect to liveinto hislate80s.” h h h h
c. has a good chanceofcelebrating his75thbirthday.”
b b h h
d. islikelytoliveintohislate90s.”
h h h h h
ANS: hb
hC overalllifeexpectancyatbirthintheUnitedStatesin2015was78.8.Thedisparitybetween life
The h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
expectanciesforblackandwhiteAmericanshasnarrowedsignificantlybetween1999and 2015,
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
withthe death rate forblacks (African Americans) dropping by 25%(Officeof Minority Health,
h h h h h h h h h b h
2017).Oftheoptionsabove, C istheonlyresponsethat fits intothose parameters. The other
h h h h h h h h h h
optionsarenot supported byreliable research.
h h h h
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Understanding TOP: Integrated Process:Teaching/Learning h h b
MSC: ClientNeeds: Health Promotion and Maintenance
h h h h h h h
2. Anurseisplanning care foragroupofsuper-centenarians inanassisted livingfacility. The nurse b h h h h
considers which of the following?
h h h h h
a. Mostsuper-centenarians arefunctionallyindependentorrequireminimal b
assistancewithactivitiesN
h o fUdRaiSlyIlN
ivGinTgB
. h
b. Themajorityofsuper-centenarianshavecognitiveimpairment.
c. Thenumberofsuper-centenariansisexpectedtodecreaseincomingyears as a h h b b
result of heart disease andstroke.
h h h h h
d. It istheorizedthatsuper-centenarianssurvivedaslong astheyhave duetogenetic
b h h h h b b h
mutationsthat madethemless susceptible to common diseases.
h h h h h h
ANS: hb
A
Research
h supports thatmost super-centenarians are functionally andcognitively intact, requiring
h h h h h h h h h h
minimalassistancewithADLs.Thenumberofsuper-centenarians isexpectedto
h h h h h h h h h h h
increaseincomingyearsasthenumberofolderadultsincreases.Althoughcentenariansstill
h h h
carrygeneticmarkerswithintheirchromosomesforanynumberofhealthproblems,forasyet
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
unknownreasons,thesearenot“activated”untilmuchlater,ifatall,whencomparedwithother
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
persons.
h
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Remembering TOP: Integrated Process:Teaching/Learning h h b h
MSC: ClientNeeds: Health Promotion and Maintenance
h h h h h h h
3. Onereasonwhymany“babyboomers”havemultiplechronicconditions such asheart h h b h
disease, diabetes, and arthritis is that:
h h h h h h
a. theyhavelessaccesstomedicationandothertreatment regimens. h h
b. therewasalackofimportanceplacedonhealthylivingastheyweregrowingup. h h h h h
c. theydid nothaveaccess toimmunizationsagainstcommunicablediseasewhen
b b h
theywerechildren.
h h
, d. theygrewupinanera oframpant povertyand malnutrition. h h h h b h h
ANS: hb
B
Thebabyboomers,
h individualsbornbetween1946and 1964,post-WWII,havebetteraccess to h h b h h h
medication andtreatmentregimens thanothercohorts. Theyhavehad thebenefit ofthe
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
development ofimmunizations against communicable diseases. They grew upinan eraof
h h h h h h h h h h h h
prosperitypost-WWII.However,therewasalackofimportanceplacedonwhatwenow consider
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
healthyliving whentheywereyounger. Smoking,forexample, wasnot condoned, but was
h h h h h h h h
consideredasymbolofstatus.Candyintheshapeofcigaretteswaspopular,andtherewas much
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
secondhandsmoke.
h h
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Remembering TOP: Integrated Process:Teaching/Learning h h b
MSC: ClientNeeds: Health Promotion and Maintenance
h h h h h h h
4. Anurseisplanningan educationprogram onwellness in alocalseniorcitizencenter.Thenurse
h h b h b h b h h h h
plans toprovide education on theimportance of immunizations, annual physical
h h h h h h h h h
examinations, screening fordiabetes, and vision andhearing screening. It isimportantforthe
h h h h b h h
nurseto understand whichof the following?
h h h h h
a. Less than50%ofolderadults(ages65andolder)utilizeavailablepreventive
b h h h h
services.
h
b. Preventivestrategiesare morewidelyused inthe50-64age-groupthaninthe65 and h h h h h h
overage-group.
h h
c. Theresearchonhealthpromotionstrategiesinolderadultsdemonstratesthatthey h
havelowefficacy.
h h h
d. Thereisanabundanceofresearchspecificto health promotion andaging.
h h h b h
ANS: hb
A than50%ofindividuals,ages65andolder,utilizethepreventiveservicesthatare
Less
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
availabletothem. However,only25%ofthosebetweentheagesof50 and 64 doso.Thereisa
h h h h h b h h
paucityofresearchspecifictohealthpromotionandaging;however,theresearchthatexists
h h h h h h h h h h
demonstrates that health promotion strategies arehighly effective.
h h h h h h h
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Understanding TOP: Integrated Process:Teaching/Learning h h b
MSC: ClientNeeds: Health Promotion and Maintenance
h h h h h h h
5. Anurseis caring foran85-year-old maleclient withdiabetesinacommunitysetting.The nurse
b b h h b h h
promotes functional wellness by which of thefollowing activities?
h h h h h h h h h
a. Encouraging theclient to maintaincurrent levelsofphysicalactivity b h h b
b. Assistingtheclienttoreceiveall therecommended preventivescreeningsthatare b b h
appropriateforhis age-group
h h h h
c. Teachingthepatient howtousearollingwalkersothat hecanambulateforlonger h h h
distances
h
d. Encouragingtheclient to attend hisweeklychessgames b b b
b ANS: A hb h
, Maintainingexistinglevelsofphysicalactivityisconsistentwithfunctionalwellness.Teaching the
h h h h h h h h h h h
client howtousearollingwalkerenablestheclient toremainactiveatthehighestlevel possible,
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
whichis an example of promotingfunctional wellness. Receiving recommended screeningisan
h h h h h h h h h h h
exampleofpromotingbiologicalwellness.Theuseofarollingwalkershouldbe
h h h h h h h h h h
basedonassessmentofphysicalability. Encouragingtheclient to attendweekly chess games is an
h h b h h h h h
example of promotingsocial wellness.
h h h h
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Applying TOP: Integrated Process:Teaching/Learning h h b
MSC: ClientNeeds: Health Promotion and Maintenance
h h h h h h h
6. Based onthecensus reportsof2015,thetypicalprofileofacentenarian includes whichofthe
h h h h h h h
followingcharacteristics?
h h
a. AnAmerican womanwith no signsofdementia
h b h h
b. AJapanesewomanwithchronic inflammation h
c. AChinesemanwithan immunedisorder h
d. AnAmericanmanwhoisalifelongvegetarian h h
ANS: hb
A onthe2015U.S.Censusdata,whiletheUnitedStateshashighestnumberof centenarians,
Based
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Japanhasoverdoublethenumberrelativetothepopulationas awhole.The relativelylow number
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
ofcentenarians (and super-centenarians) withdementia ofsome kind maybeexplainedbythe
h h h h h h h h h h
presenceofsometypeofgeneticneuroprotectivefactors.Whilemost peoplehavenormal age-
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
related declines in immunefunctioning andincreases in astate of chronicinflammation,
h h h h h h h h b h
thisdoesnotappeartobethecase forthis groupoflonglivedpeople.
h h b h
DIF: Cognitive Level:AppNlyUinRgSI NGTB T. OCPO: MIntegratedProcess:Teaching/Learning
bh h h h h h h h h
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotionand Maintenance
h h h h h h
MULTIPLERESPONSE
1. Primarypreventionstrategies forolder adultsincludewhichofthe following?(Selectall that h h h h
apply.)
h
a. Anannualinfluenza immunizationclinic h
b. Asmokingcessationprogram
c. Aprostatescreeningprogram
d. Acardiacrehabilitationprogram h
e. Amealplanningeducationprogramfortype 2 diabetics h h
ANS: hb
hA, B
Primarypreventionreferstostrategiesthatareusedtoprevent
b anillness beforeitoccurs and h b h b
maintainingwellnessacrossthecontinuumofcare.Immunizationsandsmokingcessationare
h h h h h h h h h h h
examplesofprimaryprevention. Secondaryprevention istheearlydetection ofadiseaseor a health
h h h b h h h
problem thathas already developed.Prostatescreening isan exampleof secondary prevention.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
Tertiary prevention addresses the needs ofindividualswho already havetheir wellness
h h h h h h h h h h h
challenged. Cardiac rehabilitation and meal planning fordiabetics areexamples of tertiary
h h h h h h h h h h
prevention.
h
DIF: CognitiveLevel: Applying h TOP: IntegratedProcess:Teaching/Learning h
,Chapter01:Aging,Health,andWellness ina GlobalCommunityTouhy: b b h
Ebersole & Hess’ Toward Healthy Aging, 10thEdition
h h h h h h h h
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. Whenasked bynewparentswhatthelifeexpectancyis fortheir AfricanAmericannewborn, the
h h h h h
nursereplies that, “2015 statistics indicate that yourson:
h h h h h h h
a. willhavealifeexpectancyofapproximately65 years.” h
b. canrealisticallyexpect to liveinto hislate80s.” h h h h
c. has a good chanceofcelebrating his75thbirthday.”
b b h h
d. islikelytoliveintohislate90s.”
h h h h h
ANS: hb
hC overalllifeexpectancyatbirthintheUnitedStatesin2015was78.8.Thedisparitybetween life
The h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
expectanciesforblackandwhiteAmericanshasnarrowedsignificantlybetween1999and 2015,
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
withthe death rate forblacks (African Americans) dropping by 25%(Officeof Minority Health,
h h h h h h h h h b h
2017).Oftheoptionsabove, C istheonlyresponsethat fits intothose parameters. The other
h h h h h h h h h h
optionsarenot supported byreliable research.
h h h h
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Understanding TOP: Integrated Process:Teaching/Learning h h b
MSC: ClientNeeds: Health Promotion and Maintenance
h h h h h h h
2. Anurseisplanning care foragroupofsuper-centenarians inanassisted livingfacility. The nurse b h h h h
considers which of the following?
h h h h h
a. Mostsuper-centenarians arefunctionallyindependentorrequireminimal b
assistancewithactivitiesN
h o fUdRaiSlyIlN
ivGinTgB
. h
b. Themajorityofsuper-centenarianshavecognitiveimpairment.
c. Thenumberofsuper-centenariansisexpectedtodecreaseincomingyears as a h h b b
result of heart disease andstroke.
h h h h h
d. It istheorizedthatsuper-centenarianssurvivedaslong astheyhave duetogenetic
b h h h h b b h
mutationsthat madethemless susceptible to common diseases.
h h h h h h
ANS: hb
A
Research
h supports thatmost super-centenarians are functionally andcognitively intact, requiring
h h h h h h h h h h
minimalassistancewithADLs.Thenumberofsuper-centenarians isexpectedto
h h h h h h h h h h h
increaseincomingyearsasthenumberofolderadultsincreases.Althoughcentenariansstill
h h h
carrygeneticmarkerswithintheirchromosomesforanynumberofhealthproblems,forasyet
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
unknownreasons,thesearenot“activated”untilmuchlater,ifatall,whencomparedwithother
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
persons.
h
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Remembering TOP: Integrated Process:Teaching/Learning h h b h
MSC: ClientNeeds: Health Promotion and Maintenance
h h h h h h h
3. Onereasonwhymany“babyboomers”havemultiplechronicconditions such asheart h h b h
disease, diabetes, and arthritis is that:
h h h h h h
a. theyhavelessaccesstomedicationandothertreatment regimens. h h
b. therewasalackofimportanceplacedonhealthylivingastheyweregrowingup. h h h h h
c. theydid nothaveaccess toimmunizationsagainstcommunicablediseasewhen
b b h
theywerechildren.
h h
, d. theygrewupinanera oframpant povertyand malnutrition. h h h h b h h
ANS: hb
B
Thebabyboomers,
h individualsbornbetween1946and 1964,post-WWII,havebetteraccess to h h b h h h
medication andtreatmentregimens thanothercohorts. Theyhavehad thebenefit ofthe
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
development ofimmunizations against communicable diseases. They grew upinan eraof
h h h h h h h h h h h h
prosperitypost-WWII.However,therewasalackofimportanceplacedonwhatwenow consider
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
healthyliving whentheywereyounger. Smoking,forexample, wasnot condoned, but was
h h h h h h h h
consideredasymbolofstatus.Candyintheshapeofcigaretteswaspopular,andtherewas much
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
secondhandsmoke.
h h
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Remembering TOP: Integrated Process:Teaching/Learning h h b
MSC: ClientNeeds: Health Promotion and Maintenance
h h h h h h h
4. Anurseisplanningan educationprogram onwellness in alocalseniorcitizencenter.Thenurse
h h b h b h b h h h h
plans toprovide education on theimportance of immunizations, annual physical
h h h h h h h h h
examinations, screening fordiabetes, and vision andhearing screening. It isimportantforthe
h h h h b h h
nurseto understand whichof the following?
h h h h h
a. Less than50%ofolderadults(ages65andolder)utilizeavailablepreventive
b h h h h
services.
h
b. Preventivestrategiesare morewidelyused inthe50-64age-groupthaninthe65 and h h h h h h
overage-group.
h h
c. Theresearchonhealthpromotionstrategiesinolderadultsdemonstratesthatthey h
havelowefficacy.
h h h
d. Thereisanabundanceofresearchspecificto health promotion andaging.
h h h b h
ANS: hb
A than50%ofindividuals,ages65andolder,utilizethepreventiveservicesthatare
Less
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
availabletothem. However,only25%ofthosebetweentheagesof50 and 64 doso.Thereisa
h h h h h b h h
paucityofresearchspecifictohealthpromotionandaging;however,theresearchthatexists
h h h h h h h h h h
demonstrates that health promotion strategies arehighly effective.
h h h h h h h
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Understanding TOP: Integrated Process:Teaching/Learning h h b
MSC: ClientNeeds: Health Promotion and Maintenance
h h h h h h h
5. Anurseis caring foran85-year-old maleclient withdiabetesinacommunitysetting.The nurse
b b h h b h h
promotes functional wellness by which of thefollowing activities?
h h h h h h h h h
a. Encouraging theclient to maintaincurrent levelsofphysicalactivity b h h b
b. Assistingtheclienttoreceiveall therecommended preventivescreeningsthatare b b h
appropriateforhis age-group
h h h h
c. Teachingthepatient howtousearollingwalkersothat hecanambulateforlonger h h h
distances
h
d. Encouragingtheclient to attend hisweeklychessgames b b b
b ANS: A hb h
, Maintainingexistinglevelsofphysicalactivityisconsistentwithfunctionalwellness.Teaching the
h h h h h h h h h h h
client howtousearollingwalkerenablestheclient toremainactiveatthehighestlevel possible,
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
whichis an example of promotingfunctional wellness. Receiving recommended screeningisan
h h h h h h h h h h h
exampleofpromotingbiologicalwellness.Theuseofarollingwalkershouldbe
h h h h h h h h h h
basedonassessmentofphysicalability. Encouragingtheclient to attendweekly chess games is an
h h b h h h h h
example of promotingsocial wellness.
h h h h
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Applying TOP: Integrated Process:Teaching/Learning h h b
MSC: ClientNeeds: Health Promotion and Maintenance
h h h h h h h
6. Based onthecensus reportsof2015,thetypicalprofileofacentenarian includes whichofthe
h h h h h h h
followingcharacteristics?
h h
a. AnAmerican womanwith no signsofdementia
h b h h
b. AJapanesewomanwithchronic inflammation h
c. AChinesemanwithan immunedisorder h
d. AnAmericanmanwhoisalifelongvegetarian h h
ANS: hb
A onthe2015U.S.Censusdata,whiletheUnitedStateshashighestnumberof centenarians,
Based
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Japanhasoverdoublethenumberrelativetothepopulationas awhole.The relativelylow number
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
ofcentenarians (and super-centenarians) withdementia ofsome kind maybeexplainedbythe
h h h h h h h h h h
presenceofsometypeofgeneticneuroprotectivefactors.Whilemost peoplehavenormal age-
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
related declines in immunefunctioning andincreases in astate of chronicinflammation,
h h h h h h h h b h
thisdoesnotappeartobethecase forthis groupoflonglivedpeople.
h h b h
DIF: Cognitive Level:AppNlyUinRgSI NGTB T. OCPO: MIntegratedProcess:Teaching/Learning
bh h h h h h h h h
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotionand Maintenance
h h h h h h
MULTIPLERESPONSE
1. Primarypreventionstrategies forolder adultsincludewhichofthe following?(Selectall that h h h h
apply.)
h
a. Anannualinfluenza immunizationclinic h
b. Asmokingcessationprogram
c. Aprostatescreeningprogram
d. Acardiacrehabilitationprogram h
e. Amealplanningeducationprogramfortype 2 diabetics h h
ANS: hb
hA, B
Primarypreventionreferstostrategiesthatareusedtoprevent
b anillness beforeitoccurs and h b h b
maintainingwellnessacrossthecontinuumofcare.Immunizationsandsmokingcessationare
h h h h h h h h h h h
examplesofprimaryprevention. Secondaryprevention istheearlydetection ofadiseaseor a health
h h h b h h h
problem thathas already developed.Prostatescreening isan exampleof secondary prevention.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
Tertiary prevention addresses the needs ofindividualswho already havetheir wellness
h h h h h h h h h h h
challenged. Cardiac rehabilitation and meal planning fordiabetics areexamples of tertiary
h h h h h h h h h h
prevention.
h
DIF: CognitiveLevel: Applying h TOP: IntegratedProcess:Teaching/Learning h
