1
N580 MIDTERM EXAM ACTUAL TEST
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026 JUST
RELEASED VERSION
after only nonequivalent control group design - Correct Answer-
experimental group-->intervention is applied-->postintervention data
are collected
control group-->data are collected
posttest only control group design
assumption is made that experimental and control groups are
equivalent
ex: prenatal interventions that may affect outcomes
,2
quasi-experimental time series design - Correct Answer-useful when
only one group is available for study and want to test research subjects
repeatedly to assess trends over time
no randomization and no separate control group
experimental group-->data are collected-->data are collected--
>intervention is applied-->postintervention data are collected--
>postintervention data are collected
design is useful for determining trends over time
data are collected multiple times before the intervention to establish a
baseline
data are then collected multiple times afterward to determin a change
from baseline
testing, maturation, and selection bias are all potential threats to
internal validity
ex: intervention of exercise in a group of overweight research subjects
and took weekly body weight measurements over several months
strengths of quasi-experimental design - Correct Answer-practical, less
expensive, generalizable, and sometimes the only feasible alternative
b/c these designs are more adaptable to real-world settings
replication of a study can strengthen evidence (may want to perform
study more than once)
weaknesses of quasi-experimental designs - Correct Answer-unable to
demonstrate clear cause-and-effect relationships due to an
intervention
,3
non-experimental designs - Correct Answer-process of exploring
relationships, common themes in a population--not trying to establish a
cause and effect--no manipulation of variables--all non-experimental
designs are descriptive
surveys
observational studies
correlational studies
cross sectional
longitudinal
ex post facto
methodologic
simulation
largest category of non-experimental designs - Correct Answer-
descriptive studies
then exploratory studies
survey - Correct Answer-written (come in the mail)
email
telephone
personal interview
, 4
overlying assumption with all surveys - Correct Answer-that people are
telling the truth
have to be suspicious b/c researchers have found that people
misrepresent certain aspects of their lives--for example, they minimize
their weight
general types of surveys - Correct Answer-descriptive (i.e., who bought
the iPhone)
explanatory (i.e., who bought the iPhone and why they bought it over
other phones)
exploratory (descriptive and explanatory elements but tries to explore
what it's like to go through chemotherapy)
advantages/disadvantages to using a previously developed survey -
Correct Answer-psychometric properties are developed
has established reliability and validity
it's been pilot tested
it's been used before
you can add your data to the larger data that has been collected from it
it's tough to find a survey that is going to measure exactly what you're
interested in measuring
may just add questions to beginning and end of it, which destroys the
validity and reliability of the instrument (so need to determine
psychometrics on their own)
will have to request permission from the author to use the survey
N580 MIDTERM EXAM ACTUAL TEST
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026 JUST
RELEASED VERSION
after only nonequivalent control group design - Correct Answer-
experimental group-->intervention is applied-->postintervention data
are collected
control group-->data are collected
posttest only control group design
assumption is made that experimental and control groups are
equivalent
ex: prenatal interventions that may affect outcomes
,2
quasi-experimental time series design - Correct Answer-useful when
only one group is available for study and want to test research subjects
repeatedly to assess trends over time
no randomization and no separate control group
experimental group-->data are collected-->data are collected--
>intervention is applied-->postintervention data are collected--
>postintervention data are collected
design is useful for determining trends over time
data are collected multiple times before the intervention to establish a
baseline
data are then collected multiple times afterward to determin a change
from baseline
testing, maturation, and selection bias are all potential threats to
internal validity
ex: intervention of exercise in a group of overweight research subjects
and took weekly body weight measurements over several months
strengths of quasi-experimental design - Correct Answer-practical, less
expensive, generalizable, and sometimes the only feasible alternative
b/c these designs are more adaptable to real-world settings
replication of a study can strengthen evidence (may want to perform
study more than once)
weaknesses of quasi-experimental designs - Correct Answer-unable to
demonstrate clear cause-and-effect relationships due to an
intervention
,3
non-experimental designs - Correct Answer-process of exploring
relationships, common themes in a population--not trying to establish a
cause and effect--no manipulation of variables--all non-experimental
designs are descriptive
surveys
observational studies
correlational studies
cross sectional
longitudinal
ex post facto
methodologic
simulation
largest category of non-experimental designs - Correct Answer-
descriptive studies
then exploratory studies
survey - Correct Answer-written (come in the mail)
telephone
personal interview
, 4
overlying assumption with all surveys - Correct Answer-that people are
telling the truth
have to be suspicious b/c researchers have found that people
misrepresent certain aspects of their lives--for example, they minimize
their weight
general types of surveys - Correct Answer-descriptive (i.e., who bought
the iPhone)
explanatory (i.e., who bought the iPhone and why they bought it over
other phones)
exploratory (descriptive and explanatory elements but tries to explore
what it's like to go through chemotherapy)
advantages/disadvantages to using a previously developed survey -
Correct Answer-psychometric properties are developed
has established reliability and validity
it's been pilot tested
it's been used before
you can add your data to the larger data that has been collected from it
it's tough to find a survey that is going to measure exactly what you're
interested in measuring
may just add questions to beginning and end of it, which destroys the
validity and reliability of the instrument (so need to determine
psychometrics on their own)
will have to request permission from the author to use the survey
