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PNR 308 Cardiac Alterations Questions
and Correct Answers/ Latest Update /
Already Graded
What are the differences between the cardiovascular system of a
newborn and that of an adult?
Ans: The newborn's cardiovascular system has different
structures and functions, including the presence of shunts that
close after birth.
What are some common cardiac defects in infants?
Ans: Common defects include Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD),
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD), Coarctation of the Aorta, and
Tetralogy of Fallot.
What are general signs and symptoms of congenital heart disease in
infants?
Ans: Signs include failure to thrive, cyanosis, tachypnea,
irregular pulse, and fatigue during feeding.
How should digoxin be safely administered to children?
Ans: Count the apical pulse for one full minute; hold if less than
100 beats/min for infants or 70 beats/min for older children.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
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What are the symptoms of acute rheumatic fever?
Ans: Symptoms include fever, carditis, polyarthritis, erythema
marginatum, chorea, and abdominal pain.
What is Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)?
Ans: ITP is a condition characterized by low platelet counts
leading to bruising, petechiae, and possible bleeding.
What are the signs and symptoms of sickle cell disease?
Ans: Symptoms include bone pain, abdominal pain,
splenomegaly, and signs of vaso-occlusive crisis.
What are precipitating factors for a sickle cell crisis?
Ans: Factors include dehydration, high altitudes, overexertion,
and extreme temperatures.
What is the main goal in the treatment of sickle cell disease?
Ans: The main goal is to prevent sickling, dehydration,
hypoxia, and infection.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
PNR 308 Cardiac Alterations Questions
and Correct Answers/ Latest Update /
Already Graded
What are the differences between the cardiovascular system of a
newborn and that of an adult?
Ans: The newborn's cardiovascular system has different
structures and functions, including the presence of shunts that
close after birth.
What are some common cardiac defects in infants?
Ans: Common defects include Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD),
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD), Coarctation of the Aorta, and
Tetralogy of Fallot.
What are general signs and symptoms of congenital heart disease in
infants?
Ans: Signs include failure to thrive, cyanosis, tachypnea,
irregular pulse, and fatigue during feeding.
How should digoxin be safely administered to children?
Ans: Count the apical pulse for one full minute; hold if less than
100 beats/min for infants or 70 beats/min for older children.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |2
What are the symptoms of acute rheumatic fever?
Ans: Symptoms include fever, carditis, polyarthritis, erythema
marginatum, chorea, and abdominal pain.
What is Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)?
Ans: ITP is a condition characterized by low platelet counts
leading to bruising, petechiae, and possible bleeding.
What are the signs and symptoms of sickle cell disease?
Ans: Symptoms include bone pain, abdominal pain,
splenomegaly, and signs of vaso-occlusive crisis.
What are precipitating factors for a sickle cell crisis?
Ans: Factors include dehydration, high altitudes, overexertion,
and extreme temperatures.
What is the main goal in the treatment of sickle cell disease?
Ans: The main goal is to prevent sickling, dehydration,
hypoxia, and infection.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
