NUR210 MOD2: CKD Exam
Questions and Answers 100%
PASS
Role of the kidneys—ANSWER--Filter metabolic waste products
-Balance fluids & electrolytes
-Regulate acid–base balance
-Control blood pressure (RAAS)
-Secrete erythropoietin → RBC production
-Activate vitamin D → calcium absorption & bone health
What is the RAAS system?—ANSWER--Renin Release: The kidneys release the enzyme renin
in response to low blood pressure, low sodium, or sympathetic nerve activation.
,-Angiotensinogen Conversion:
Renin converts angiotensinogen (produced by the liver) into angiotensin I.
-ACE Action: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), primarily in the lungs, converts
angiotensin I into the active hormone angiotensin II.
-Effects of Angiotensin II: This peptide acts as a powerful vasoconstrictor (narrowing vessels)
and stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone.
-Fluid Retention: Aldosterone prompts the kidneys to retain sodium and water, increasing
blood volume and raising blood pressure.
Definition of CKD—ANSWER--Progressive, irreversible decline in kidney function over time
-Leads to: accumulation of waste (uremia), fluid overload & electrolyte imbalances
-Results in decreased GFR
High risk populations for CKD—ANSWER--African Americans
© 2026 Copyright. All Rights Reserved. This document is
protected by copyright law, Copyrighted By Katelyn Whitman
, -Hispanics
-Native Americans
-Pacific Islanders
-Asian Americans
High risk groups for CKD—ANSWER--Diabetes
-Hypertension
-Family history of kidney failure
Key facts of CKD—ANSWER--Heart disease = leading cause of death
-GFR = best indicator of kidney function
-Hypertension ↔ CKD (each causes the other)
-Persistent proteinuria = CKD
-Two simple tests can detect CKD: blood pressure, urine albumin and serum creatinine.
-Early detection can slow progression
Common causes of CKD—ANSWER--Diabetes neuropathy
Questions and Answers 100%
PASS
Role of the kidneys—ANSWER--Filter metabolic waste products
-Balance fluids & electrolytes
-Regulate acid–base balance
-Control blood pressure (RAAS)
-Secrete erythropoietin → RBC production
-Activate vitamin D → calcium absorption & bone health
What is the RAAS system?—ANSWER--Renin Release: The kidneys release the enzyme renin
in response to low blood pressure, low sodium, or sympathetic nerve activation.
,-Angiotensinogen Conversion:
Renin converts angiotensinogen (produced by the liver) into angiotensin I.
-ACE Action: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), primarily in the lungs, converts
angiotensin I into the active hormone angiotensin II.
-Effects of Angiotensin II: This peptide acts as a powerful vasoconstrictor (narrowing vessels)
and stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone.
-Fluid Retention: Aldosterone prompts the kidneys to retain sodium and water, increasing
blood volume and raising blood pressure.
Definition of CKD—ANSWER--Progressive, irreversible decline in kidney function over time
-Leads to: accumulation of waste (uremia), fluid overload & electrolyte imbalances
-Results in decreased GFR
High risk populations for CKD—ANSWER--African Americans
© 2026 Copyright. All Rights Reserved. This document is
protected by copyright law, Copyrighted By Katelyn Whitman
, -Hispanics
-Native Americans
-Pacific Islanders
-Asian Americans
High risk groups for CKD—ANSWER--Diabetes
-Hypertension
-Family history of kidney failure
Key facts of CKD—ANSWER--Heart disease = leading cause of death
-GFR = best indicator of kidney function
-Hypertension ↔ CKD (each causes the other)
-Persistent proteinuria = CKD
-Two simple tests can detect CKD: blood pressure, urine albumin and serum creatinine.
-Early detection can slow progression
Common causes of CKD—ANSWER--Diabetes neuropathy
