CTRI UPDATED END OF COURSE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Counter weight hold: - ✔✔The sidewalker holds weight in offside stirrup useful for
rider mounting to keep saddle centered
✔✔Sidewalk - no hold: - ✔✔The sidewalker walks beside the rider (lined up with the
rider's shoulder) and is prepared for assisting when and if indicated by the instructor.
Useful when rider is in a balanced position and needs only verbal/visual prompting
✔✔Arm Over Thigh hold - ✔✔The sidewalker places the arm closest to the rider over
the rider's thigh and grasps the front edge of the saddle useful when the rider has one
or more of the following: poor sitting balance, erratic movement or behavior, a medical
emergency or the horse is trotting or demonstrating fear response
✔✔Heel or Ankle Hold: - ✔✔The sidewalker places hand with all five fingers together on
the inside of the rider's ankle. This position allows the sidewalker to help gently draw the
rider's heel forward, back, down, or away from horse's side without manipulating joints.
This hold helps to keep the rider in analigned position in order to benefit from the
horse's movement as well as to prevent the rider from giving the horse incorrect cues
useful for when rider is learning to trot and has poor leg position/ alignment or when the
horse is displaying signs of discomfort due to the riders leg
✔✔When is hand-over-hand prompting useful? - ✔✔when the rider needs assistance to
use their reins to communicate with the horse
✔✔When is it useful for sidewalkers to repeat instructions to participant? - ✔✔when the
rider has trouble hearing the instructor, has trouble focusing or needs additional
processing time.
✔✔When is it useful for sidewalkers to use truncated language? - ✔✔when the rider
has a short attention span or needs additional time to process.
✔✔When is it useful for sidewalkers to use positive reinforcement? - ✔✔when the rider
makes an effort or an attempt.
Additionally, letting the horse leader know that the rider attempted a task will help
reinforce that attempt.
✔✔When is it useful for sidewalkers to use demonstration or miming? - ✔✔some riders
learn best visually through demonstration or miming techniques used by the sidewalker
so use when rider is having difficulty hearing or understanding
✔✔When the participants preform a positive behavior, what can sidewalkers do, if safe
with instructor? - ✔✔- Offering praise
- Releasing a hold
, - Offering an object of interest (e.g., a favorite fidgit toy)
- Giving a token
✔✔When the participants preforms a negative behavior, what can sidewalkers do to
help? - ✔✔- firm verbal correction
- arm over thigh hold
- hand over hand hold
✔✔A group of three riders—Sarah, Kim and Sean—is working on learning the posting
trot. The various disabilities of the riders in this group are attention deficit disorder,
intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. During the lesson, each rider
benefits from the instructor using three unique learning modalities for teaching: auditory,
visual and kinesthetic.
The CTRI is aware that use of a variety of methods to allow the riders to practice the
skill in many ways encourages mastery. Even though one technique may work for
Sarah, a different technique may have to be used to support Kim and Sean to learn the
same skill. The instructor has prepared for the lesson by outlining possible teaching
techniques to employ for each learning modality, name two teaching techniques in each
of the three learning modalities to improve the skill of direct rein steering. -
✔✔**Auditory Techniques
- Provide a task analysis for the skill.
- Ask the rider to "pull the rein back to your pant pocket."
**Visual Techniques
- Watch another rider in the group utilize direct rein aids.
- Label one rein "right" and one rein "left."
**Kinesthetic Techniques
- The rider receives a hand-over-hand prompt to use direct rein from a sidewalker.
- The rider closes eyes and feels the horse moving right and left in response to moving
reins.
✔✔A participant is sweating, breathing rapidly and refusing to comply with directions.
What is the MOST LIKELY cause of this behavior?
a. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
b. Anxiety
c. Sensory processing disorder
d. Bipolar disorder - ✔✔b. anxiety
✔✔Why is an atlantoaxial instability test required for participants with Down syndrome?
a. Physician indicates if the heart is healthy enough for activity.
b. Physician indicates if vertebra spacing is safe for activity.
c. Physician indicates if gastrointestinal abnormalities prevent activity.
d. Physician indicates if immune disorders prevent activity. - ✔✔b. physician indicates if
vertebra spacing is safe for activity
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Counter weight hold: - ✔✔The sidewalker holds weight in offside stirrup useful for
rider mounting to keep saddle centered
✔✔Sidewalk - no hold: - ✔✔The sidewalker walks beside the rider (lined up with the
rider's shoulder) and is prepared for assisting when and if indicated by the instructor.
Useful when rider is in a balanced position and needs only verbal/visual prompting
✔✔Arm Over Thigh hold - ✔✔The sidewalker places the arm closest to the rider over
the rider's thigh and grasps the front edge of the saddle useful when the rider has one
or more of the following: poor sitting balance, erratic movement or behavior, a medical
emergency or the horse is trotting or demonstrating fear response
✔✔Heel or Ankle Hold: - ✔✔The sidewalker places hand with all five fingers together on
the inside of the rider's ankle. This position allows the sidewalker to help gently draw the
rider's heel forward, back, down, or away from horse's side without manipulating joints.
This hold helps to keep the rider in analigned position in order to benefit from the
horse's movement as well as to prevent the rider from giving the horse incorrect cues
useful for when rider is learning to trot and has poor leg position/ alignment or when the
horse is displaying signs of discomfort due to the riders leg
✔✔When is hand-over-hand prompting useful? - ✔✔when the rider needs assistance to
use their reins to communicate with the horse
✔✔When is it useful for sidewalkers to repeat instructions to participant? - ✔✔when the
rider has trouble hearing the instructor, has trouble focusing or needs additional
processing time.
✔✔When is it useful for sidewalkers to use truncated language? - ✔✔when the rider
has a short attention span or needs additional time to process.
✔✔When is it useful for sidewalkers to use positive reinforcement? - ✔✔when the rider
makes an effort or an attempt.
Additionally, letting the horse leader know that the rider attempted a task will help
reinforce that attempt.
✔✔When is it useful for sidewalkers to use demonstration or miming? - ✔✔some riders
learn best visually through demonstration or miming techniques used by the sidewalker
so use when rider is having difficulty hearing or understanding
✔✔When the participants preform a positive behavior, what can sidewalkers do, if safe
with instructor? - ✔✔- Offering praise
- Releasing a hold
, - Offering an object of interest (e.g., a favorite fidgit toy)
- Giving a token
✔✔When the participants preforms a negative behavior, what can sidewalkers do to
help? - ✔✔- firm verbal correction
- arm over thigh hold
- hand over hand hold
✔✔A group of three riders—Sarah, Kim and Sean—is working on learning the posting
trot. The various disabilities of the riders in this group are attention deficit disorder,
intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. During the lesson, each rider
benefits from the instructor using three unique learning modalities for teaching: auditory,
visual and kinesthetic.
The CTRI is aware that use of a variety of methods to allow the riders to practice the
skill in many ways encourages mastery. Even though one technique may work for
Sarah, a different technique may have to be used to support Kim and Sean to learn the
same skill. The instructor has prepared for the lesson by outlining possible teaching
techniques to employ for each learning modality, name two teaching techniques in each
of the three learning modalities to improve the skill of direct rein steering. -
✔✔**Auditory Techniques
- Provide a task analysis for the skill.
- Ask the rider to "pull the rein back to your pant pocket."
**Visual Techniques
- Watch another rider in the group utilize direct rein aids.
- Label one rein "right" and one rein "left."
**Kinesthetic Techniques
- The rider receives a hand-over-hand prompt to use direct rein from a sidewalker.
- The rider closes eyes and feels the horse moving right and left in response to moving
reins.
✔✔A participant is sweating, breathing rapidly and refusing to comply with directions.
What is the MOST LIKELY cause of this behavior?
a. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
b. Anxiety
c. Sensory processing disorder
d. Bipolar disorder - ✔✔b. anxiety
✔✔Why is an atlantoaxial instability test required for participants with Down syndrome?
a. Physician indicates if the heart is healthy enough for activity.
b. Physician indicates if vertebra spacing is safe for activity.
c. Physician indicates if gastrointestinal abnormalities prevent activity.
d. Physician indicates if immune disorders prevent activity. - ✔✔b. physician indicates if
vertebra spacing is safe for activity
