CTRI UPDATED STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
RATED A+
✔✔Rein back - ✔✔Backward movement in which hooves are raised and set down
almost simultaneously by diagonal.
✔✔Rhythm - ✔✔The regularity of footfalls within each gait.
✔✔Rollback - ✔✔A series of movements that blend together to look like one movement;
incorporates a run or lope, a balanced stop, a fast, smooth 180-degree pivot and a fast
break out of the rollback into a run or lope on the proper lead.
✔✔Serpentine - ✔✔Series of equal curves from one line of the centerline to the other,
changing the direction of the turn each time the horse passes over the centerline.
✔✔Shoulder in - ✔✔The horse is slightly bent round the inside leg of the rider, and its
inside legs pass and cross in front of the outside legs. The horse is looking away from
the direction in which it is moving.
✔✔Side Pass - ✔✔A movement in which the horse goes straight and sideways; the
horse's outside leg should cross over in front of the supporting leg. This movement has
a slight degree of forward motion. Side passing lets you move the horse over to open
and close a gate easily when mounted, helps in suppling and in preparing for flying
changes.
✔✔Sidewalker - ✔✔these people walk next to the equine and rider to ensure safety and
to help the student to participate in class to the best of the individual's ability. Some
participants require two while others need only one. More independent riders do not
require them.
✔✔Simple change of lead - ✔✔Change of lead performed by breaking gait to the trot.
✔✔Skill progression - ✔✔Systematic building of skills upon a foundation. The CTRI
should teach skills in an order that will most effectively advance the rider to the best of
their ability.
✔✔Snaffle bit - ✔✔A bit that works by direct action in the horse's mouth.
✔✔Specific praise - ✔✔A positive statement intended to reinforce the desired behavior
of an individual that acknowledges the individual by name (or in a manner in which they
know who is being praised), specifically describes/identifies the individual's behavior
and incorporates a term of praise.
✔✔Stride - ✔✔The distance covered by one foot when in motion.
, ✔✔Supple - ✔✔An equine's ability to remain relaxed, flexible and easily bend and turn.
✔✔Tack - ✔✔Equipment used in riding and driving horses, such as saddles, bridles,
harness, etc.
✔✔Therapeutic Riding - ✔✔Therapeutic horsemanship that involves mounted activities,
including traditional riding disciplines or adaptive riding activities conducted by a
Professional Association of Therapeutic Horsemanship International certified instructor.
✔✔Throat latch - ✔✔The narrow strap of the bridle or headstall that goes under the
horse's throat and is used to secure the bridle or headstall to the head.
✔✔Topline - ✔✔goes from the hip, over the loin, through the back and through the
neck. It consists of the muscles the horse uses to carry itself through the gaits,
especially in transitions. A strong topline has to be developed for a horse to have self-
carriage; it's how you know whether or not a horse is balanced.
✔✔Transition - ✔✔Change of gait or speed.
✔✔Trappy - ✔✔A short, quick, choppy stride, usually seen in horses that have short
and steep pasterns and straight shoulders.
✔✔Travers - ✔✔Haunches in. The horse is lightly bent around the inside leg of the
rider. Its outside legs pass and cross in front of the inside legs. The horse is looking in
the direction in which it is moving. Performed along the wall or on the center line, at an
angle of about 30 degrees to the direction in which the horse is moving.
✔✔Trot - ✔✔Two-beat gait in which the paired diagonal feet strike and leave the ground
simultaneously. Between each beat, there is a period of suspension in which all four
feet are off the ground.
✔✔Two-track - ✔✔The horse moves forward and diagonally at the same time.
✔✔Turnback - ✔✔Western exercise to help some horses learn (with minimal use of the
reins) to balance on their hocks, collect themselves and turn on their haunches.
✔✔Turn on the forehand - ✔✔First basic lateral leg aid exercise; can be used to move
the horse over, to turn around, or to open and close gates while mounted.
✔✔Unsoundness - ✔✔A serious condition that affects an equine's usefulness and way
of moving.
RATED A+
✔✔Rein back - ✔✔Backward movement in which hooves are raised and set down
almost simultaneously by diagonal.
✔✔Rhythm - ✔✔The regularity of footfalls within each gait.
✔✔Rollback - ✔✔A series of movements that blend together to look like one movement;
incorporates a run or lope, a balanced stop, a fast, smooth 180-degree pivot and a fast
break out of the rollback into a run or lope on the proper lead.
✔✔Serpentine - ✔✔Series of equal curves from one line of the centerline to the other,
changing the direction of the turn each time the horse passes over the centerline.
✔✔Shoulder in - ✔✔The horse is slightly bent round the inside leg of the rider, and its
inside legs pass and cross in front of the outside legs. The horse is looking away from
the direction in which it is moving.
✔✔Side Pass - ✔✔A movement in which the horse goes straight and sideways; the
horse's outside leg should cross over in front of the supporting leg. This movement has
a slight degree of forward motion. Side passing lets you move the horse over to open
and close a gate easily when mounted, helps in suppling and in preparing for flying
changes.
✔✔Sidewalker - ✔✔these people walk next to the equine and rider to ensure safety and
to help the student to participate in class to the best of the individual's ability. Some
participants require two while others need only one. More independent riders do not
require them.
✔✔Simple change of lead - ✔✔Change of lead performed by breaking gait to the trot.
✔✔Skill progression - ✔✔Systematic building of skills upon a foundation. The CTRI
should teach skills in an order that will most effectively advance the rider to the best of
their ability.
✔✔Snaffle bit - ✔✔A bit that works by direct action in the horse's mouth.
✔✔Specific praise - ✔✔A positive statement intended to reinforce the desired behavior
of an individual that acknowledges the individual by name (or in a manner in which they
know who is being praised), specifically describes/identifies the individual's behavior
and incorporates a term of praise.
✔✔Stride - ✔✔The distance covered by one foot when in motion.
, ✔✔Supple - ✔✔An equine's ability to remain relaxed, flexible and easily bend and turn.
✔✔Tack - ✔✔Equipment used in riding and driving horses, such as saddles, bridles,
harness, etc.
✔✔Therapeutic Riding - ✔✔Therapeutic horsemanship that involves mounted activities,
including traditional riding disciplines or adaptive riding activities conducted by a
Professional Association of Therapeutic Horsemanship International certified instructor.
✔✔Throat latch - ✔✔The narrow strap of the bridle or headstall that goes under the
horse's throat and is used to secure the bridle or headstall to the head.
✔✔Topline - ✔✔goes from the hip, over the loin, through the back and through the
neck. It consists of the muscles the horse uses to carry itself through the gaits,
especially in transitions. A strong topline has to be developed for a horse to have self-
carriage; it's how you know whether or not a horse is balanced.
✔✔Transition - ✔✔Change of gait or speed.
✔✔Trappy - ✔✔A short, quick, choppy stride, usually seen in horses that have short
and steep pasterns and straight shoulders.
✔✔Travers - ✔✔Haunches in. The horse is lightly bent around the inside leg of the
rider. Its outside legs pass and cross in front of the inside legs. The horse is looking in
the direction in which it is moving. Performed along the wall or on the center line, at an
angle of about 30 degrees to the direction in which the horse is moving.
✔✔Trot - ✔✔Two-beat gait in which the paired diagonal feet strike and leave the ground
simultaneously. Between each beat, there is a period of suspension in which all four
feet are off the ground.
✔✔Two-track - ✔✔The horse moves forward and diagonally at the same time.
✔✔Turnback - ✔✔Western exercise to help some horses learn (with minimal use of the
reins) to balance on their hocks, collect themselves and turn on their haunches.
✔✔Turn on the forehand - ✔✔First basic lateral leg aid exercise; can be used to move
the horse over, to turn around, or to open and close gates while mounted.
✔✔Unsoundness - ✔✔A serious condition that affects an equine's usefulness and way
of moving.
