CMSRN Exam 2026. 100% Complete
Questions and Correct Answers. Verified
Latest Update (Rated A+)
what type of hyponatremia is most common, results from excessive fluid intake and leads to
decreased serum sodium concentration? - CORRECT ANS>>dilutional hypotnatremia
symptoms of diltuional hyponatremia - CORRECT ANS>>edema, confusion, weight gain
treatment of dilutional hyponatremia - CORRECT ANS>>fluid restriction
what type of hyponatremia results from fluid and sodium loss? - CORRECT ANS>>true
hyponatremia
symptoms of true hyponatremia - CORRECT ANS>>dry tissue, weight loss, hypotension,
tachycardia
treatment of true hyponatremia - CORRECT ANS>>replace sodium AND water (NS or LR)
causes of true hyponatremia - CORRECT ANS>>burns, hemorrhage, adrenal insufficiency
what type of sodium imbalance is caused by decreased fluid intake or water loss without loss of
sodium? - CORRECT ANS>>hypernatremia
causes of hypernatremia - CORRECT ANS>>fever, IVF with sodium, DI, high protein TF
symptoms of hypernatremia - CORRECT ANS>>dry tissues, weight gain, thirst, tachycardia, oliguria
treatment of hypernatremia - CORRECT ANS>>decrease sodium, replace fluids
,which electrolyte does sodium work with? - CORRECT ANS>>chloride - works to maintain
acid/base balance
which labs are most important to watch with potassium abnormalities? - CORRECT ANS>>renal
what does potassium have an inverse relationship with? - CORRECT ANS>>PH, insulin, calcium
causes of hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANS>>cell wall destruction, increased intake, potassium
sparing diuretics, renal failure, acidosis
symptoms of hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANS>>irritable muscles, cardiac arrhythmias, hyperactive
bowels, bladder
treatment of hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANS>>limit intake, kaexylate, calcium gluconate, IV glucose
and insulin, dialysis
what electrolyte imbalance should you avoid green leafy vegetables and citrus fruits? - CORRECT
ANS>>hyperkalemia
what electrolyte are avocado, dried fruits, and potato skins high in? - CORRECT ANS>>potassium
causes of hypokalemia - CORRECT ANS>>vomiting, diarrhea, DKA, prolonged NG suction, burns,
potassium wasting diuretics
symptoms of hypokalemia - CORRECT ANS>>muscle flaccidity and weakness, constipation,
alkalosis, shallow respirations, cardiac arrest
treatment for hypokalemia - CORRECT ANS>>potassium supplements, monitor magnesium levels
normal calcium level - CORRECT ANS>>9-10.5
, where is calcium stored? - CORRECT ANS>>bones
what vitamin is important for calcium absorption - CORRECT ANS>>Vitamin D
what does calcium have an inverse relationship with? - CORRECT ANS>>phosphorous
which electrolyte imbalance increases bleeding risk? - CORRECT ANS>>hypocalcemia
causes for hypercalcemia - CORRECT ANS>>cancer, bone mets, hyperparathyroidism, excessive
vitamin D, thiazide diuretics, parathyroid tumor
symptoms of hypercalcemia - CORRECT ANS>>sedation, lethargy, hypoactive reflexes, slurred
speech, impaired memory (decreased LOC/CNS sympstoms), renal stones
treatment for hypercalcemia - CORRECT ANS>>decrease intake, encourage fluids, loop diuretics,
phosphate administration
causes of hypocalcemia - CORRECT ANS>>decreased intake, decreased vitamin D, increased
phosphate levels, renal disease, pacreatitis, alcoholism, pregnancy
symptoms of hypocalcemia - CORRECT ANS>>chvosteks, trousseaus, laryngospasm, tingling in
fingers/toes/lips, coagulopathy
treatment of hypocalcemia - CORRECT ANS>>increased intake, vitamin D, IV calcium gluconate,
phosphate binding antacids
sign of hypocalcemia that causes twitching of face if you tap the front of the ear? - CORRECT
ANS>>chvosteks sign
sign of hypocalcemia that causes carpal tunnel/turning in of hands? - CORRECT ANS>>trousseaus
sign
Questions and Correct Answers. Verified
Latest Update (Rated A+)
what type of hyponatremia is most common, results from excessive fluid intake and leads to
decreased serum sodium concentration? - CORRECT ANS>>dilutional hypotnatremia
symptoms of diltuional hyponatremia - CORRECT ANS>>edema, confusion, weight gain
treatment of dilutional hyponatremia - CORRECT ANS>>fluid restriction
what type of hyponatremia results from fluid and sodium loss? - CORRECT ANS>>true
hyponatremia
symptoms of true hyponatremia - CORRECT ANS>>dry tissue, weight loss, hypotension,
tachycardia
treatment of true hyponatremia - CORRECT ANS>>replace sodium AND water (NS or LR)
causes of true hyponatremia - CORRECT ANS>>burns, hemorrhage, adrenal insufficiency
what type of sodium imbalance is caused by decreased fluid intake or water loss without loss of
sodium? - CORRECT ANS>>hypernatremia
causes of hypernatremia - CORRECT ANS>>fever, IVF with sodium, DI, high protein TF
symptoms of hypernatremia - CORRECT ANS>>dry tissues, weight gain, thirst, tachycardia, oliguria
treatment of hypernatremia - CORRECT ANS>>decrease sodium, replace fluids
,which electrolyte does sodium work with? - CORRECT ANS>>chloride - works to maintain
acid/base balance
which labs are most important to watch with potassium abnormalities? - CORRECT ANS>>renal
what does potassium have an inverse relationship with? - CORRECT ANS>>PH, insulin, calcium
causes of hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANS>>cell wall destruction, increased intake, potassium
sparing diuretics, renal failure, acidosis
symptoms of hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANS>>irritable muscles, cardiac arrhythmias, hyperactive
bowels, bladder
treatment of hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANS>>limit intake, kaexylate, calcium gluconate, IV glucose
and insulin, dialysis
what electrolyte imbalance should you avoid green leafy vegetables and citrus fruits? - CORRECT
ANS>>hyperkalemia
what electrolyte are avocado, dried fruits, and potato skins high in? - CORRECT ANS>>potassium
causes of hypokalemia - CORRECT ANS>>vomiting, diarrhea, DKA, prolonged NG suction, burns,
potassium wasting diuretics
symptoms of hypokalemia - CORRECT ANS>>muscle flaccidity and weakness, constipation,
alkalosis, shallow respirations, cardiac arrest
treatment for hypokalemia - CORRECT ANS>>potassium supplements, monitor magnesium levels
normal calcium level - CORRECT ANS>>9-10.5
, where is calcium stored? - CORRECT ANS>>bones
what vitamin is important for calcium absorption - CORRECT ANS>>Vitamin D
what does calcium have an inverse relationship with? - CORRECT ANS>>phosphorous
which electrolyte imbalance increases bleeding risk? - CORRECT ANS>>hypocalcemia
causes for hypercalcemia - CORRECT ANS>>cancer, bone mets, hyperparathyroidism, excessive
vitamin D, thiazide diuretics, parathyroid tumor
symptoms of hypercalcemia - CORRECT ANS>>sedation, lethargy, hypoactive reflexes, slurred
speech, impaired memory (decreased LOC/CNS sympstoms), renal stones
treatment for hypercalcemia - CORRECT ANS>>decrease intake, encourage fluids, loop diuretics,
phosphate administration
causes of hypocalcemia - CORRECT ANS>>decreased intake, decreased vitamin D, increased
phosphate levels, renal disease, pacreatitis, alcoholism, pregnancy
symptoms of hypocalcemia - CORRECT ANS>>chvosteks, trousseaus, laryngospasm, tingling in
fingers/toes/lips, coagulopathy
treatment of hypocalcemia - CORRECT ANS>>increased intake, vitamin D, IV calcium gluconate,
phosphate binding antacids
sign of hypocalcemia that causes twitching of face if you tap the front of the ear? - CORRECT
ANS>>chvosteks sign
sign of hypocalcemia that causes carpal tunnel/turning in of hands? - CORRECT ANS>>trousseaus
sign
