FINAL BIOD 152 COMPREHENSIVE SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Neuron dendrites. Answer: Receive incoming signals.
◉ Cell body (soma). Answer: Integrates signals.
◉ Axon hillock. Answer: Region that decides whether to fire an
action potential.
◉ Axon. Answer: Conducts the action potential.
◉ Synaptic terminals. Answer: Release neurotransmitters.
◉ Synapse. Answer: Gap between communicating neurons.
◉ Chemical synapse. Answer: Neurotransmitter-based
communication allowing amplification and modulation.
◉ Electrical synapse. Answer: Direct ion flow between neurons;
faster but less flexible than chemical synapses.
, ◉ Myelin function. Answer: Increases conduction speed by
insulating axons and allowing saltatory conduction.
◉ Nodes of Ranvier. Answer: Gaps in myelin where ion channels
cluster; action potentials "jump" between them.
◉ Resting membrane potential. Answer: Voltage across the
membrane created by ion gradients and selective permeability.
◉ K⁺ gradient at rest. Answer: High inside, low outside; K⁺ diffuses
out and makes inside negative.
◉ Equilibrium potential. Answer: Voltage at which no net movement
of an ion occurs.
◉ Nernst equation. Answer: Calculates equilibrium potential using
ion concentrations.
◉ Effect of membrane permeability. Answer: The ion the membrane
is most permeable to has the greatest influence on membrane
potential.
◉ Real cells' permeability. Answer: High to K⁺, low to Na⁺ and Cl⁻, so
resting membrane potential sits near K⁺ equilibrium potential.
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Neuron dendrites. Answer: Receive incoming signals.
◉ Cell body (soma). Answer: Integrates signals.
◉ Axon hillock. Answer: Region that decides whether to fire an
action potential.
◉ Axon. Answer: Conducts the action potential.
◉ Synaptic terminals. Answer: Release neurotransmitters.
◉ Synapse. Answer: Gap between communicating neurons.
◉ Chemical synapse. Answer: Neurotransmitter-based
communication allowing amplification and modulation.
◉ Electrical synapse. Answer: Direct ion flow between neurons;
faster but less flexible than chemical synapses.
, ◉ Myelin function. Answer: Increases conduction speed by
insulating axons and allowing saltatory conduction.
◉ Nodes of Ranvier. Answer: Gaps in myelin where ion channels
cluster; action potentials "jump" between them.
◉ Resting membrane potential. Answer: Voltage across the
membrane created by ion gradients and selective permeability.
◉ K⁺ gradient at rest. Answer: High inside, low outside; K⁺ diffuses
out and makes inside negative.
◉ Equilibrium potential. Answer: Voltage at which no net movement
of an ion occurs.
◉ Nernst equation. Answer: Calculates equilibrium potential using
ion concentrations.
◉ Effect of membrane permeability. Answer: The ion the membrane
is most permeable to has the greatest influence on membrane
potential.
◉ Real cells' permeability. Answer: High to K⁺, low to Na⁺ and Cl⁻, so
resting membrane potential sits near K⁺ equilibrium potential.
