NUR401 - MIDTERM EXAM| TOP SCORES MADE
SIMPLE | TRUSTED TEST SOLUTIONS!
QUALITY CONTENT YOU CAN RELY ON!
Individuals with which of the following personality styles are most likely to be comfortable
in a leadership role?
A. D
B. I
C. S
D. C Answer: A. D
Individuals with "D" (Driver) personality styles like to take charge of projects and are highly
task oriented, making them well-suited to positions of leadership.
What model of organizational change would be most likely to prioritize changing nurses'
feelings over presenting them with new information?
A. The Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior Change
B. Kotter and Cohen's Model of Change
C. The Change Curve Model
D. Diffusion of Innovations Model Answer: B. Kotter and Cohen's Model of Change
Rationale: Kotter and Cohen proposed that the key to organizational change lies in helping
people to feel differently (i.e., appealing to their emotions). They assert that individuals
change their behavior less when they are given facts or analyses that change their thinking
than when they are shown truths that influence their feelings.
T/F: A SCOT analysis helps clarify the goals and beliefs that underlie a proposed change to
EBP. Answer: False
Rationale: A SCOT analysis aids in the strategic planning for the execution of proposed
change. Identification of the goals and beliefs that inform the change should take place
prior to formal strategic planning.
Feedback loops are a central component of which of the following models for evidence-
based practice change?
A. The Model for Evidence-Based Practice Change
1
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,B. The Clinical Scholar Model
C. The ARCC Model
D. The Iowa Model Answer: D. The Iowa Model
Rationale: The Iowa Model includes multiple feedback loops that refer the user back to
earlier points in the process. This is not a central feature of the ARCC Model, the Clinical
Scholar Model, or The Model for Evidence-Based Practice Change.
T/F: Both The Model for Evidence-Based Practice Change and the Iowa Model include the
use of a small-scale pilot study during the process of introducing an evidence-based
change in practice. Answer: True
Rationale: Pilot studies are explicit components of both The Model for Evidence-Based
Practice Change and the Iowa Model.
When the Stetler Model is used to guide an evidence-based practice change, which of the
following activities will constitute the final phase of the process?
A. Disseminating the results of the practice change
B. Publishing the findings that result from implementation
C. Evaluating the outcomes of the change in practice
D. Implementing a change in practice based on evidence Answer: C. Evaluating the
outcomes of the change in practice
Rationale: The Stetler Model of Evidence-Based Practice culminates with an evaluation of
the change in practice. Dissemination is not prescribed in the model and implementation
does not form the "end point" of the implementation process.
T/F: Evidence-based clinical decision-making considers the constraints of a patient's
geographic location while a research utilization (RU) model does not address this
parameter. Answer: True
Rationale: Evidence-based clinical decision-making takes into account patient variables
such as setting. RU is a more simplistic paradigm that solely encompasses the findings of
research.
2
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,A rating scale asks patients to gauge their nausea by describing it as "no nausea," "slightly
nauseous," "significantly nauseous," or "severely nauseous." This scale provides the nurse
with data at what level?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio Answer: B. Ordinal
Rationale: Likert-type scales like the one presented provide ordinal level data. Phenomena
are scaled in an ascending manner, but it is not possible to extrapolate insights from the
data mathematically.
Which of the following would be the best source for measuring the outcomes related to a
proposed change in the skills mix in the nursing care at a hospital?
A. Finance
B. Human resources
C. Quality management
D. Administration Answer: B. Human resources
Rationale: Human resource departments are a key source of data surrounding skills mix,
staffing levels, staff demographics, recruitment, and retention. Departments such as
finance, administration, and quality management would be less likely to provide data on
the current skills mix at the hospital.
T/F: The Health Outcomes Institute's Outcomes Management Model provides a four-step
process for the critical appraisal of evidence. Answer: False
Rationale: The Health Outcomes Institute's Outcomes Management Model delineates a
process that can be used to guide measurement of the impact of new interventions on
improving healthcare outcomes. It does not provide a specific process for critical appraisal
of the literature.
Which of the following evaluation indicators can be quantified and statistically analyzed?
A. Environmental changes
B. Professional expertise
3
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, C. Outcome measures
D. Patient-centered quality care Answer: C. Outcome measures
Rationale: Outcome measures are quantifiable healthcare results, such as health status,
death, disability, iatrogenic effects of treatment, health behaviors, and the economic
impact of therapy and illness management. Environmental changes, professional
expertise, and patient-centered quality care are measures that equally important, but
which are more qualitative in nature.
What is the most effective strategy for engaging care providers in a proposed EBP change?
A. Disseminate the evidence that underlies the change
B. Remind staff of their obligation to provide optimal care
C. Bring in EBP experts to speak to staff members
D. Organize discussions and meetings with EBP mentors Answer: D. Organize discussions
and meetings with EBP mentors
Rationale: Interactive discussions between EBP mentors and care providers are an
effective way to increase knowledge and address attitudinal barriers. Other strategies,
such as bringing in outsiders to teach, disseminating research findings, or telling caregivers
that they are obliged to change, are less likely to engage them and foster genuine change.
T/F: Implementation of EBP is the responsibility of graduate-prepared nurses and members
of the nursing leadership. Answer: False
Rationale: Implementation of EBP in the clinical setting is dependent on broad engagement
and participation from all care providers at all levels, as well as leaders, administrators,
and members of other disciplines.
Which of the following factors has the greatest bearing on the success or failure of CPG
implementation?
A. The strength of the evidence that underlies the guideline
B. The validity of the process that was used to develop the guideline
C. The education level of the nurses who will implement the guideline
D. The commitment of the caregivers who will put the guideline into practice Answer: D.
The commitment of the caregivers who will put the guideline into practice
4
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
SIMPLE | TRUSTED TEST SOLUTIONS!
QUALITY CONTENT YOU CAN RELY ON!
Individuals with which of the following personality styles are most likely to be comfortable
in a leadership role?
A. D
B. I
C. S
D. C Answer: A. D
Individuals with "D" (Driver) personality styles like to take charge of projects and are highly
task oriented, making them well-suited to positions of leadership.
What model of organizational change would be most likely to prioritize changing nurses'
feelings over presenting them with new information?
A. The Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior Change
B. Kotter and Cohen's Model of Change
C. The Change Curve Model
D. Diffusion of Innovations Model Answer: B. Kotter and Cohen's Model of Change
Rationale: Kotter and Cohen proposed that the key to organizational change lies in helping
people to feel differently (i.e., appealing to their emotions). They assert that individuals
change their behavior less when they are given facts or analyses that change their thinking
than when they are shown truths that influence their feelings.
T/F: A SCOT analysis helps clarify the goals and beliefs that underlie a proposed change to
EBP. Answer: False
Rationale: A SCOT analysis aids in the strategic planning for the execution of proposed
change. Identification of the goals and beliefs that inform the change should take place
prior to formal strategic planning.
Feedback loops are a central component of which of the following models for evidence-
based practice change?
A. The Model for Evidence-Based Practice Change
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,B. The Clinical Scholar Model
C. The ARCC Model
D. The Iowa Model Answer: D. The Iowa Model
Rationale: The Iowa Model includes multiple feedback loops that refer the user back to
earlier points in the process. This is not a central feature of the ARCC Model, the Clinical
Scholar Model, or The Model for Evidence-Based Practice Change.
T/F: Both The Model for Evidence-Based Practice Change and the Iowa Model include the
use of a small-scale pilot study during the process of introducing an evidence-based
change in practice. Answer: True
Rationale: Pilot studies are explicit components of both The Model for Evidence-Based
Practice Change and the Iowa Model.
When the Stetler Model is used to guide an evidence-based practice change, which of the
following activities will constitute the final phase of the process?
A. Disseminating the results of the practice change
B. Publishing the findings that result from implementation
C. Evaluating the outcomes of the change in practice
D. Implementing a change in practice based on evidence Answer: C. Evaluating the
outcomes of the change in practice
Rationale: The Stetler Model of Evidence-Based Practice culminates with an evaluation of
the change in practice. Dissemination is not prescribed in the model and implementation
does not form the "end point" of the implementation process.
T/F: Evidence-based clinical decision-making considers the constraints of a patient's
geographic location while a research utilization (RU) model does not address this
parameter. Answer: True
Rationale: Evidence-based clinical decision-making takes into account patient variables
such as setting. RU is a more simplistic paradigm that solely encompasses the findings of
research.
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,A rating scale asks patients to gauge their nausea by describing it as "no nausea," "slightly
nauseous," "significantly nauseous," or "severely nauseous." This scale provides the nurse
with data at what level?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio Answer: B. Ordinal
Rationale: Likert-type scales like the one presented provide ordinal level data. Phenomena
are scaled in an ascending manner, but it is not possible to extrapolate insights from the
data mathematically.
Which of the following would be the best source for measuring the outcomes related to a
proposed change in the skills mix in the nursing care at a hospital?
A. Finance
B. Human resources
C. Quality management
D. Administration Answer: B. Human resources
Rationale: Human resource departments are a key source of data surrounding skills mix,
staffing levels, staff demographics, recruitment, and retention. Departments such as
finance, administration, and quality management would be less likely to provide data on
the current skills mix at the hospital.
T/F: The Health Outcomes Institute's Outcomes Management Model provides a four-step
process for the critical appraisal of evidence. Answer: False
Rationale: The Health Outcomes Institute's Outcomes Management Model delineates a
process that can be used to guide measurement of the impact of new interventions on
improving healthcare outcomes. It does not provide a specific process for critical appraisal
of the literature.
Which of the following evaluation indicators can be quantified and statistically analyzed?
A. Environmental changes
B. Professional expertise
3
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, C. Outcome measures
D. Patient-centered quality care Answer: C. Outcome measures
Rationale: Outcome measures are quantifiable healthcare results, such as health status,
death, disability, iatrogenic effects of treatment, health behaviors, and the economic
impact of therapy and illness management. Environmental changes, professional
expertise, and patient-centered quality care are measures that equally important, but
which are more qualitative in nature.
What is the most effective strategy for engaging care providers in a proposed EBP change?
A. Disseminate the evidence that underlies the change
B. Remind staff of their obligation to provide optimal care
C. Bring in EBP experts to speak to staff members
D. Organize discussions and meetings with EBP mentors Answer: D. Organize discussions
and meetings with EBP mentors
Rationale: Interactive discussions between EBP mentors and care providers are an
effective way to increase knowledge and address attitudinal barriers. Other strategies,
such as bringing in outsiders to teach, disseminating research findings, or telling caregivers
that they are obliged to change, are less likely to engage them and foster genuine change.
T/F: Implementation of EBP is the responsibility of graduate-prepared nurses and members
of the nursing leadership. Answer: False
Rationale: Implementation of EBP in the clinical setting is dependent on broad engagement
and participation from all care providers at all levels, as well as leaders, administrators,
and members of other disciplines.
Which of the following factors has the greatest bearing on the success or failure of CPG
implementation?
A. The strength of the evidence that underlies the guideline
B. The validity of the process that was used to develop the guideline
C. The education level of the nurses who will implement the guideline
D. The commitment of the caregivers who will put the guideline into practice Answer: D.
The commitment of the caregivers who will put the guideline into practice
4
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
