Nurs-3032 midterm-final TB || A+ Guaranteed.
When a child has which symptom would the nurse be alert for increased fluid requirements?
a. Fever
b. Mechanical ventilation
c. Heart failure
d. Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) correct answers A
What type of dehydration results from water loss in excess of electrolyte loss?
a. Isotonic dehydration
b. Isosmotic dehydration
c. Hypotonic dehydration
d. Hypertonic dehydration correct answers D
An infant is brought to the emergency department with poor skin turgor, weight loss, lethargy,
and tachycardia. What are these signs suggestive of?
a. Overhydration
b. Dehydration
c. Sodium excess
d. Potassium excess correct answers B
What is often the cause of acute diarrhea?
a. Irritable bowel syndrome
b. Antibiotic therapy
c. Hypothyroidism
d. Hirschsprung's disease correct answers B
What is the viral pathogen that frequently causes acute diarrhea in young children?
a. Giardia organisms
b. Shigella organisms
c. Rotavirus
d. Salmonella organisms correct answers C
Which is a parasite that causes acute diarrhea?
a. Shigella organisms
b. Salmonella organisms
c. Giardia lamblia
d. Escherichia coli correct answers C
,A stool specimen from a child with diarrhea shows the presence of neutrophils and red blood
cells. These results are most suggestive of what condition?
a. Protein intolerance
b. Parasitic infection
c. Fat malabsorption
d. Bacterial gastroenteritis correct answers D
What is the first treatment a nurse provides in the therapeutic management of a child with acute
diarrhea and dehydration?
a. Clear liquids
b. Adsorbents such as kaolin and pectin
c. Oral rehydration solution (ORS)
d. Antidiarrheal medications such as paregoric correct answers C
A school-age child with diarrhea has been rehydrated. The nurse is discussing the child's diet
with the family. Which statement by the parent would indicate a correct understanding of the
teaching?
a. "I will keep my child on a clear liquid diet for the next 24 hours."
b. "I should encourage my child to drink carbonated drinks but avoid food for the next 24 hours."
c. "I will offer my child bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast for the next 48 hours."
d. "I should have my child eat a normal diet with easily digested foods for the next 48 hours."
correct answers D
A young child is brought to the emergency department with severe dehydration secondary to
acute diarrhea and vomiting. What is the first step in therapeutic management for this child?
a. Intravenous fluids
b. Oral rehydration solution (ORS)
c. Clear liquids, 1 to 2 ounces at a time
d. Administration of antidiarrheal medication correct answers A
Constipation has recently become a problem for a school-age girl. She is healthy except for
seasonal allergies, which are now being successfully treated with antihistamines. What is the
most likely cause of her constipation?
a. Diet
b. Allergies
c. Antihistamines
d. Emotional factors correct answers C
,Which high-fibre food can the nurse recommend for a 10-year-old child with chronic
constipation?
a. Popcorn
b. Pancakes
c. Muffins
d. Ripe bananas correct answers A
What is the primary therapeutic management for most children with Hirschsprung's disease?
a. Daily enemas
b. Low-fibre diet
c. Permanent colostomy
d. Surgical removal of affected section of bowel correct answers D
A 3-year-old child with Hirschsprung's disease is hospitalized for surgery. A temporary
colostomy will be necessary. What should the nurse recognize about preparing this child
psychologically for surgery?
a. It is not necessary because of child's age.
b. It is not necessary because the colostomy is temporary.
c. It is necessary because it will require the child's adjustment.
d. It is necessary because the child must deal with a negative body image. correct answers C
The nurse is explaining to a parent how to care for a child with vomiting associated with a viral
illness. What should the nurse include in her discussion?
a. Avoid carbohydrate-containing liquids.
b. Give nothing by mouth for 24 hours.
c. Brush teeth or rinse mouth after vomiting.
d. Give plain water until vomiting ceases for at least 24 hours. correct answers C
A 4-month-old infant has gastroesophageal reflux (GER) but is thriving without other
complications. What should the nurse suggest to minimize reflux?
a. Place the child in Trendelenburg position after eating.
b. Thicken formula with rice cereal.
c. Give continuous nasogastric tube feedings.
d. Give larger, less frequent feedings. correct answers B
A histamine-receptor antagonist such as cimetidine (Tagamet) or ranitidine (Zantac) is ordered
for an infant with gastroesophageal reflux disease. What is the purpose of this drug?
, a. It prevents reflux.
b. It prevents hematemesis.
c. It reduces gastric acid production.
d. It increases gastric acid production. correct answers C
Which clinical manifestation indicates acute appendicitis?
a. Rebound tenderness
b. Bright red or dark red rectal bleeding
c. Abdominal pain that is relieved by eating
d. Abdominal pain that is most intense at the McBurney point correct answers D
When caring for a child with probable appendicitis, which should the nurse watch for as a sign of
perforation?
a. Bradycardia
b. Anorexia
c. Sudden relief from pain
d. Decreased abdominal distension correct answers C
Which statement best describes Meckel's diverticulum?
a. It is more common in females than in males.
b. It is acquired during childhood.
c. Intestinal bleeding may be mild or profuse.
d. Medical interventions are usually sufficient to treat the problem. correct answers C
What disorder is characterized by a chronic inflammatory process that may involve any part of
the gastrointestinal (GI) tract from mouth to anus?
a. Crohn's disease
b. Ulcerative colitis
c. Meckel's diverticulum
d. Irritable bowel syndrome correct answers A
What is used to treat moderate to severe ulcerative colitis?
a. Antacids
b. Antibiotics
c. Corticosteroids
d. Antidiarrheal medications correct answers C
Bismuth subsalicylate, clarithromycin, and metronidazole are prescribed for a child with a peptic
ulcer for which reason?
a. It eradicates Helicobacter pylori.
When a child has which symptom would the nurse be alert for increased fluid requirements?
a. Fever
b. Mechanical ventilation
c. Heart failure
d. Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) correct answers A
What type of dehydration results from water loss in excess of electrolyte loss?
a. Isotonic dehydration
b. Isosmotic dehydration
c. Hypotonic dehydration
d. Hypertonic dehydration correct answers D
An infant is brought to the emergency department with poor skin turgor, weight loss, lethargy,
and tachycardia. What are these signs suggestive of?
a. Overhydration
b. Dehydration
c. Sodium excess
d. Potassium excess correct answers B
What is often the cause of acute diarrhea?
a. Irritable bowel syndrome
b. Antibiotic therapy
c. Hypothyroidism
d. Hirschsprung's disease correct answers B
What is the viral pathogen that frequently causes acute diarrhea in young children?
a. Giardia organisms
b. Shigella organisms
c. Rotavirus
d. Salmonella organisms correct answers C
Which is a parasite that causes acute diarrhea?
a. Shigella organisms
b. Salmonella organisms
c. Giardia lamblia
d. Escherichia coli correct answers C
,A stool specimen from a child with diarrhea shows the presence of neutrophils and red blood
cells. These results are most suggestive of what condition?
a. Protein intolerance
b. Parasitic infection
c. Fat malabsorption
d. Bacterial gastroenteritis correct answers D
What is the first treatment a nurse provides in the therapeutic management of a child with acute
diarrhea and dehydration?
a. Clear liquids
b. Adsorbents such as kaolin and pectin
c. Oral rehydration solution (ORS)
d. Antidiarrheal medications such as paregoric correct answers C
A school-age child with diarrhea has been rehydrated. The nurse is discussing the child's diet
with the family. Which statement by the parent would indicate a correct understanding of the
teaching?
a. "I will keep my child on a clear liquid diet for the next 24 hours."
b. "I should encourage my child to drink carbonated drinks but avoid food for the next 24 hours."
c. "I will offer my child bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast for the next 48 hours."
d. "I should have my child eat a normal diet with easily digested foods for the next 48 hours."
correct answers D
A young child is brought to the emergency department with severe dehydration secondary to
acute diarrhea and vomiting. What is the first step in therapeutic management for this child?
a. Intravenous fluids
b. Oral rehydration solution (ORS)
c. Clear liquids, 1 to 2 ounces at a time
d. Administration of antidiarrheal medication correct answers A
Constipation has recently become a problem for a school-age girl. She is healthy except for
seasonal allergies, which are now being successfully treated with antihistamines. What is the
most likely cause of her constipation?
a. Diet
b. Allergies
c. Antihistamines
d. Emotional factors correct answers C
,Which high-fibre food can the nurse recommend for a 10-year-old child with chronic
constipation?
a. Popcorn
b. Pancakes
c. Muffins
d. Ripe bananas correct answers A
What is the primary therapeutic management for most children with Hirschsprung's disease?
a. Daily enemas
b. Low-fibre diet
c. Permanent colostomy
d. Surgical removal of affected section of bowel correct answers D
A 3-year-old child with Hirschsprung's disease is hospitalized for surgery. A temporary
colostomy will be necessary. What should the nurse recognize about preparing this child
psychologically for surgery?
a. It is not necessary because of child's age.
b. It is not necessary because the colostomy is temporary.
c. It is necessary because it will require the child's adjustment.
d. It is necessary because the child must deal with a negative body image. correct answers C
The nurse is explaining to a parent how to care for a child with vomiting associated with a viral
illness. What should the nurse include in her discussion?
a. Avoid carbohydrate-containing liquids.
b. Give nothing by mouth for 24 hours.
c. Brush teeth or rinse mouth after vomiting.
d. Give plain water until vomiting ceases for at least 24 hours. correct answers C
A 4-month-old infant has gastroesophageal reflux (GER) but is thriving without other
complications. What should the nurse suggest to minimize reflux?
a. Place the child in Trendelenburg position after eating.
b. Thicken formula with rice cereal.
c. Give continuous nasogastric tube feedings.
d. Give larger, less frequent feedings. correct answers B
A histamine-receptor antagonist such as cimetidine (Tagamet) or ranitidine (Zantac) is ordered
for an infant with gastroesophageal reflux disease. What is the purpose of this drug?
, a. It prevents reflux.
b. It prevents hematemesis.
c. It reduces gastric acid production.
d. It increases gastric acid production. correct answers C
Which clinical manifestation indicates acute appendicitis?
a. Rebound tenderness
b. Bright red or dark red rectal bleeding
c. Abdominal pain that is relieved by eating
d. Abdominal pain that is most intense at the McBurney point correct answers D
When caring for a child with probable appendicitis, which should the nurse watch for as a sign of
perforation?
a. Bradycardia
b. Anorexia
c. Sudden relief from pain
d. Decreased abdominal distension correct answers C
Which statement best describes Meckel's diverticulum?
a. It is more common in females than in males.
b. It is acquired during childhood.
c. Intestinal bleeding may be mild or profuse.
d. Medical interventions are usually sufficient to treat the problem. correct answers C
What disorder is characterized by a chronic inflammatory process that may involve any part of
the gastrointestinal (GI) tract from mouth to anus?
a. Crohn's disease
b. Ulcerative colitis
c. Meckel's diverticulum
d. Irritable bowel syndrome correct answers A
What is used to treat moderate to severe ulcerative colitis?
a. Antacids
b. Antibiotics
c. Corticosteroids
d. Antidiarrheal medications correct answers C
Bismuth subsalicylate, clarithromycin, and metronidazole are prescribed for a child with a peptic
ulcer for which reason?
a. It eradicates Helicobacter pylori.
