Exam Versions Included | 2026/2027 Edition –
Verified Questions & Correct Answers |
Graded A+) PDF
What has been recognized as a public health priority in tropical climates since the 1930s? -
SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** Breastfeeding
What are the costs to prevent needless deaths worldwide? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 **
Less than $6 billion/year
What accounts for more than 3,340 maternal and child deaths a year? - SELECTED
ANSWER 👀 ** Suboptimal breastfeeding
How much does nursing a baby for a year or more decrease the risk of developing
hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease? - SELECTED
ANSWER 👀 ** By 10-15%
What risks do women who do not breastfeed face? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** Greater
risk for myocardial infarction and aspects of metabolic syndrome; greater risk of breast,
endometrial, and ovarian cancer
What are the three strategies by WHO and UNICEF for increased breastfeeding initiation
and duration? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** Promotion, protection, and support
,What does breastfeeding promotion focus on? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** Advantages of
breastfeeding on a personal, community, country, or global level
What does breastfeeding protection focus on? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** Government,
manufacturer, and social responsibility to assure breastfeeding's ability to compete with
commercial interests
What does breastfeeding support focus on? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** Interaction of
'helpers' with family and program development and implementation
What is needed to promote, protect, and support breastfeeding? - SELECTED ANSWER
👀 ** A variety of community expertise
What does CLC stand for? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** Certified Lactation Counselor
What are CLCs and IBCLCs? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** Health professionals who
provide lactation support
What contributes to breastfeeding difficulties? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** Unrealistic
expectations and lack of timely interventions
What is the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes? - SELECTED
ANSWER 👀 ** An international health policy framework to regulate the marketing of
breastmilk substitutes
What does the code regulate? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** Marketing of breastmilk
substitutes, including infant formulas and feeding bottles
,What is the aim of restricting marketing of breastmilk substitutes? - SELECTED ANSWER
👀 ** To ensure choices are made based on full, impartial information
What is the World Breastfeeding Trends Initiative intended for? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀
** To track, assess, and monitor the implementation of the global strategy at the country and
sub-country level
What contributes to low rates of exclusive breastfeeding globally? - SELECTED ANSWER
👀 ** Caregiver beliefs favoring mixed feeding, inadequate healthcare practices, and
aggressive promotion of infant formula
How can exclusive breastfeeding be supported? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** Increase
hospital capacity, provide community strategies, strengthen code enforcement, and enact
paid maternity leave
What disparity exists in US breastfeeding trends? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** Black
mothers are less likely than white mothers to breastfeed
What is the anatomy of milk cells? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** Myoepithelial cells,
connective tissue, capillaries, anteriole, venule, alveolar cells
What is the anatomy of the human breast? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** Glandular tissue
made up of clusters of alveoli and small ducts, fat, milk ducts, areola, and nipple
How is milk produced? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** Messages from the breast travel
through the nervous system to the brain, then hormones travel to the breast
, What happens to prolactin levels during nursing? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** They go
down between nursing and rise during nursing
What does infrequent nursing lead to? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** Lower prolactin levels
and less rise even with the same amount of nipple contact
What is positively associated with ongoing milk production? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 **
Suckling within the first 2 hours after birth
What is the effect of initiating milk expression before one hour for mothers of preemies? -
SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** It results in significantly more milk when measured on days 7
and 42
What triggers the oxytocin mechanism during breastfeeding? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 **
Nipple stretching and baby hand massage.
What are the hormones of lactation responsible for? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** They
have emotional/behavioral functions and help in making and moving milk.
How does milk composition vary among mammal species? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 **
Each species has different milk that is species-specific.
What is the difference between a nest and a cache in mammals? - SELECTED ANSWER
👀 ** A nest is used by species like bunnies, while a cache is used by species like deer.
What feeding patterns do mammals with higher water content milk exhibit? - SELECTED
ANSWER 👀 ** They tend to carry, follow, or hibernate.