MGMT 640 FINAL EXAM PART 2 2026 STUDY
GUIDE ACCURATE CONTENT READY
◉ What are shared values within an organizational culture? Answer:
Core beliefs and principles that guide members' behavior and
decision-making.
◉ What is the role of symbols in shaping organizational meaning?
Answer: Symbols convey cultural values and communicate what is
important in the organization.
◉ What is an example of cultural language in an organization?
Answer: Special terminology, jargon, or slogans used to reinforce
identity and norms.
◉ What are rituals in the context of organizational culture? Answer:
Regularly performed activities that reinforce organizational values
and cohesion.
◉ How do norms guide employee behavior? Answer: Norms
establish expectations for acceptable behavior within the
organization.
,◉ What are underlying assumptions in a company culture? Answer:
Deeply held beliefs and perceptions that are often unconscious but
shape behavior.
◉ What are visible artifacts within the three levels of culture?
Answer: Observable organizational structures, processes, and
ceremonies.
◉ What distinguishes expressed values from underlying
assumptions? Answer: Expressed values are stated ideals, while
underlying assumptions are taken-for-granted beliefs.
◉ Why are underlying assumptions difficult to change? Answer:
They are deeply embedded, often unconscious, and resistant to
formal interventions.
◉ What does cultural strength refer to in Daft's model? Answer: The
degree of agreement among members about the importance of
values and norms.
◉ How does agreement among employees contribute to cultural
strength? Answer: Higher agreement increases predictability of
behavior and shared understanding.
, ◉ How does intensity affect the strength of a culture? Answer:
Stronger emotional commitment reinforces adherence to cultural
norms.
◉ What defines an adaptive culture in an organization? Answer: A
culture that supports learning, flexibility, innovation, and
responsiveness.
◉ Why are adaptive cultures associated with innovation? Answer:
They encourage risk-taking, experimentation, and acceptance of new
ideas.
◉ What characterizes a nonadaptive culture? Answer: Resistance to
change, rigid norms, and limited responsiveness to environmental
pressures.
◉ How does leadership shape organizational culture? Answer:
Through role modeling, communication, decisions, and
reinforcement of values.
◉ How do stories embody cultural values? Answer: They
communicate important lessons, exemplify desired behavior, and
transmit culture.
GUIDE ACCURATE CONTENT READY
◉ What are shared values within an organizational culture? Answer:
Core beliefs and principles that guide members' behavior and
decision-making.
◉ What is the role of symbols in shaping organizational meaning?
Answer: Symbols convey cultural values and communicate what is
important in the organization.
◉ What is an example of cultural language in an organization?
Answer: Special terminology, jargon, or slogans used to reinforce
identity and norms.
◉ What are rituals in the context of organizational culture? Answer:
Regularly performed activities that reinforce organizational values
and cohesion.
◉ How do norms guide employee behavior? Answer: Norms
establish expectations for acceptable behavior within the
organization.
,◉ What are underlying assumptions in a company culture? Answer:
Deeply held beliefs and perceptions that are often unconscious but
shape behavior.
◉ What are visible artifacts within the three levels of culture?
Answer: Observable organizational structures, processes, and
ceremonies.
◉ What distinguishes expressed values from underlying
assumptions? Answer: Expressed values are stated ideals, while
underlying assumptions are taken-for-granted beliefs.
◉ Why are underlying assumptions difficult to change? Answer:
They are deeply embedded, often unconscious, and resistant to
formal interventions.
◉ What does cultural strength refer to in Daft's model? Answer: The
degree of agreement among members about the importance of
values and norms.
◉ How does agreement among employees contribute to cultural
strength? Answer: Higher agreement increases predictability of
behavior and shared understanding.
, ◉ How does intensity affect the strength of a culture? Answer:
Stronger emotional commitment reinforces adherence to cultural
norms.
◉ What defines an adaptive culture in an organization? Answer: A
culture that supports learning, flexibility, innovation, and
responsiveness.
◉ Why are adaptive cultures associated with innovation? Answer:
They encourage risk-taking, experimentation, and acceptance of new
ideas.
◉ What characterizes a nonadaptive culture? Answer: Resistance to
change, rigid norms, and limited responsiveness to environmental
pressures.
◉ How does leadership shape organizational culture? Answer:
Through role modeling, communication, decisions, and
reinforcement of values.
◉ How do stories embody cultural values? Answer: They
communicate important lessons, exemplify desired behavior, and
transmit culture.
