Psyc 3490: Exam 2 Questions With Complete Solutions
'Peek-a-boo' Procedure (McKenzie Task)
1. experimenter hides behind the circular barrier, then sound is
heard, then experimenter pops up at a fixed location infant
observes this repeatedly and
from two different facing directions
- once the infant consistently anticipates this event with a ___
___, s/he is rotated to a ___ (third) facing direction
2. test: which location does s/he ___ the experimenter to appear
at (reorientation)
3. Results:
- ___- and ___-month-old infants visually anticipated the
whereabouts of the event from the new facing direction
- 8-month-olds more flexible than 6-month-olds, who need
landmarks (___ markers)
- Note: only space in front of infants' bodies tested; infants were
not turned around (180 degrees or more) Correct Answers 1.
head turn; new
2. anticipates
3. 6; 8; visual
1. ___ ___ is the idea that as soon as you see an object you know
what it is
2. Experiment: project objects for very short periods of time
- test if subjects can detect, categorize, and identify the object
,- Results show that the ___ and ___ variables follow the same
line indicating that they happen very rapidly Correct Answers 1.
visual recognition
2. detection; categorization
1. ___ and memory are intimately linked
Experiment: visual recognition memory for shapes
(familiarization and test with familiar and novel item,
VPC)
2. ages: 3.5 and ___ months
3. Study 1: 3.5 mo show a ___ preference and 6.5 mo. show ___
preference
4. Study 2: when the ___ of familiarization varied (5, 10, 15, 20,
25, 30 sec.), both 3.5 and 6.5 months show ___ preference after
___ familiarization (10 and 5 sec., respectively)
- 3.5 and 6.5 months show ___ preference after longer
familiarization (30 and 15 sec., respectively)
5. CONCLUSION: earlier in infancy learning takes ___ to form
a robust memory trace Correct Answers 1. learning
2. 6.5
3. familiarity; novelty
4. duration; familiarity; shorter; novelty
5. longer
1. ___ Approach attempts to measure various aspects of an
individual infant's performance
,2. track ___ and individual differences Correct Answers 1.
psychometric
2. development
1. ___ Approach is organized around 4 broad themes: object,
space, time, and causality (interdependent)
2. explain- ___ (knowledge of self and
objects as separate entities, persisting across
time and space, follow causal rules)
- they become aware that they are separate from their
surroundings.
3. first 2 years- ___ period (infants'
thinking reflected and driven by action)
- infant thinking is ___ by sensorimotor Correct Answers 1.
piagetian
2. objectification
3. sensorimotor; limited
1. ____ = mental abilities- thinking, memory,
categorization, reasoning, problem-solving,
language, etc.
2. The development of infant intelligence is not a single
construct, but a group of mental abilities that allows things like
___ development Correct Answers 1. Cognition
2. social
1. Breastfeeding is ___ associated with child intelligence even
net of parental IQ
, - this may be due to the ___ ___ in the breast milk Correct
Answers 1. positively; fatty acids
1. gesture and speech combinations can predict ___
2. Gesture at ___ months selectively predicts ___
vocabulary at 3.5 years
3. ___ hand pointing rather than index finger pointing at age ___
predicts risk at age 2 for language development Correct Answers
1. syntax
2. 18; spoken
3. open; 1
1. Humans are ___-___ animals
2. 2 year olds look similar to apes in ___ tasks
3. 2 year olds outperform adult great apes in ___ tasks Correct
Answers 1. ultra-social
2. physical
3. social
1. Infants' ability to distinguish non-native language (___)
declines towards the end of the ___ year
2. infant discrimination performance on two non-English
speaking contrasts decreases with increasing ___ Correct
Answers 1. phonemes; first
2. age
1. speech ___ = grouping together the same sounds, and
distinguishing them from other sounds
'Peek-a-boo' Procedure (McKenzie Task)
1. experimenter hides behind the circular barrier, then sound is
heard, then experimenter pops up at a fixed location infant
observes this repeatedly and
from two different facing directions
- once the infant consistently anticipates this event with a ___
___, s/he is rotated to a ___ (third) facing direction
2. test: which location does s/he ___ the experimenter to appear
at (reorientation)
3. Results:
- ___- and ___-month-old infants visually anticipated the
whereabouts of the event from the new facing direction
- 8-month-olds more flexible than 6-month-olds, who need
landmarks (___ markers)
- Note: only space in front of infants' bodies tested; infants were
not turned around (180 degrees or more) Correct Answers 1.
head turn; new
2. anticipates
3. 6; 8; visual
1. ___ ___ is the idea that as soon as you see an object you know
what it is
2. Experiment: project objects for very short periods of time
- test if subjects can detect, categorize, and identify the object
,- Results show that the ___ and ___ variables follow the same
line indicating that they happen very rapidly Correct Answers 1.
visual recognition
2. detection; categorization
1. ___ and memory are intimately linked
Experiment: visual recognition memory for shapes
(familiarization and test with familiar and novel item,
VPC)
2. ages: 3.5 and ___ months
3. Study 1: 3.5 mo show a ___ preference and 6.5 mo. show ___
preference
4. Study 2: when the ___ of familiarization varied (5, 10, 15, 20,
25, 30 sec.), both 3.5 and 6.5 months show ___ preference after
___ familiarization (10 and 5 sec., respectively)
- 3.5 and 6.5 months show ___ preference after longer
familiarization (30 and 15 sec., respectively)
5. CONCLUSION: earlier in infancy learning takes ___ to form
a robust memory trace Correct Answers 1. learning
2. 6.5
3. familiarity; novelty
4. duration; familiarity; shorter; novelty
5. longer
1. ___ Approach attempts to measure various aspects of an
individual infant's performance
,2. track ___ and individual differences Correct Answers 1.
psychometric
2. development
1. ___ Approach is organized around 4 broad themes: object,
space, time, and causality (interdependent)
2. explain- ___ (knowledge of self and
objects as separate entities, persisting across
time and space, follow causal rules)
- they become aware that they are separate from their
surroundings.
3. first 2 years- ___ period (infants'
thinking reflected and driven by action)
- infant thinking is ___ by sensorimotor Correct Answers 1.
piagetian
2. objectification
3. sensorimotor; limited
1. ____ = mental abilities- thinking, memory,
categorization, reasoning, problem-solving,
language, etc.
2. The development of infant intelligence is not a single
construct, but a group of mental abilities that allows things like
___ development Correct Answers 1. Cognition
2. social
1. Breastfeeding is ___ associated with child intelligence even
net of parental IQ
, - this may be due to the ___ ___ in the breast milk Correct
Answers 1. positively; fatty acids
1. gesture and speech combinations can predict ___
2. Gesture at ___ months selectively predicts ___
vocabulary at 3.5 years
3. ___ hand pointing rather than index finger pointing at age ___
predicts risk at age 2 for language development Correct Answers
1. syntax
2. 18; spoken
3. open; 1
1. Humans are ___-___ animals
2. 2 year olds look similar to apes in ___ tasks
3. 2 year olds outperform adult great apes in ___ tasks Correct
Answers 1. ultra-social
2. physical
3. social
1. Infants' ability to distinguish non-native language (___)
declines towards the end of the ___ year
2. infant discrimination performance on two non-English
speaking contrasts decreases with increasing ___ Correct
Answers 1. phonemes; first
2. age
1. speech ___ = grouping together the same sounds, and
distinguishing them from other sounds
