GMS 6440 Final || 100% Correct Solutions.
Skeletal System correct answers Organs: bones, cartilage, bone marrow
Function: provide support and protection, store calcium and minerals, form blood cells
Muscular System correct answers Organs: muscles, tendons
Function: provide movement, support and protect, generate heat and maintain body temperate
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth Muscle correct answers Skeletal - contractile proteins form alternating
patterns of light and dark (striations). Voluntary movement.
Cardiac - involuntary. Rich in capillaries, connective tissue supplies blood to the muscle
Smooth - involuntary. Grouped in irregular bundles, found lining internal organs.
Digestive System correct answers Organs: teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach,
intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Function: process and digest food, absorb and conserve water, breakdown nutrients, store energy,
generate heat
How much intestinal juice is secrete and how much water is secreted into the feces? correct
answers We produce anywhere between 6.5-8L of liquid a day but only lose 100 ml/day.
Cardiovascular System correct answers Organs: heart, blood, vessels
Function: distribute nutrients and stuff, distribute heat and control body temp
Pathway of Circulatory System correct answers Deoxygenated Blood - Right Atrium - tricuspid
valve - Right Ventricle - pulmonary artery - Lungs - Oxygenated Blood - pulmonary vein - Left
Atrium - mitral valve - Left Ventricle - Aorta - artery - arteriole - capillary - venule - vein - vena
cava
Respiratory System correct answers Organs: nasal cavity, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi,
lungs, alveoli
Function: deliver air to alveoli, provide O2 to blood, remove CO2 from blood, sound
How many lobes to the right and left lungs have? correct answers Right has 3 and the left has 2
Renal and Urinary System correct answers Organs: kidney, ureter, bladder
Function: excrete waste from blood, control water balance, storing urine, regulate blood [ ] and
pH
How much liquid do we filter a day and how much urine is usually produced? correct answers
We filter 170 L/day while only producing 1.5 L of urine.
Endocrine System correct answers Organs: pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal
glands, gonads, etc
Function: direct long-term changes in systems, metabolic activity, development
, Major hormones and their functions correct answers GH: pituitary. stimulates growth.
TH: thyroid. maintains metabolism, regulates BP, development
Cortisol: adrenal gland. Stress resistance and fat mobilization
Insulin: pancreas. Lowers blood sugar
Gastrin: stomach. Production of HCl
Erythropoietin: kidney. RBC production
Leptin: adipose. suppresses appetite.
Nervous System correct answers Organs: Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves
Function: provide and interpret sensory info, coordinate activities of other systems
Female Reproductive System correct answers Organs: ovaries, uterus, vagina, mammary glands
function: produce female sex cells, support embryo, provide milk
Menstrual cycle correct answers ovulation occurs around 14 days into cycle when LH surge
triggers release of single mature egg from ovary to go through fallopian tubes to the uterus. If
unfertilized, it is discharged and endometrium is shed (menstruation).
Distribution of Major Electrolytes correct answers Na+: 10:1 outside
K+: 25:1 inside
Cl-: 5:1 outside
HCO3-: 2:1 outside
Ca2+: micromolar inside. Thousand-fold greater outside.
Organic anions: 15:1 inside
channels vs transporters correct answers channels move water or ions and electrode
transporters are solute carriers or pumps
Permeability for passive diffusion correct answers -Ions (K+, Na+, HCO-, Ca2+, Cl-) do not
cross the membrane
-hydrophobic molecules (O2, N2, CO2) pass freely
-small, uncharged, polar molecules like glycerol can move to a small extent
-large, uncharged, polar molecules like glucose and sucrose do not cross by passive diffusion
True or false: Channels only move things passively correct answers True
Parts of a channel: pore, selectivity filter, electric field sensor, gate correct answers Pore: spans
the whole membrane
Selectivity filter: allows specific charges or shapes through
Electric field sensors: sense the change in voltage or electric potential across the membrane
gate: unlocks due to ligand-receptor binding
What are the four main ion channel types? correct answers Ligand-gated (lock-and-key),
voltage-gated (change in potential changes the field sensor to modulate gate), leak (continuously
open), and stretch-activated (perturbation of size and pore stretch)
Skeletal System correct answers Organs: bones, cartilage, bone marrow
Function: provide support and protection, store calcium and minerals, form blood cells
Muscular System correct answers Organs: muscles, tendons
Function: provide movement, support and protect, generate heat and maintain body temperate
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth Muscle correct answers Skeletal - contractile proteins form alternating
patterns of light and dark (striations). Voluntary movement.
Cardiac - involuntary. Rich in capillaries, connective tissue supplies blood to the muscle
Smooth - involuntary. Grouped in irregular bundles, found lining internal organs.
Digestive System correct answers Organs: teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach,
intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Function: process and digest food, absorb and conserve water, breakdown nutrients, store energy,
generate heat
How much intestinal juice is secrete and how much water is secreted into the feces? correct
answers We produce anywhere between 6.5-8L of liquid a day but only lose 100 ml/day.
Cardiovascular System correct answers Organs: heart, blood, vessels
Function: distribute nutrients and stuff, distribute heat and control body temp
Pathway of Circulatory System correct answers Deoxygenated Blood - Right Atrium - tricuspid
valve - Right Ventricle - pulmonary artery - Lungs - Oxygenated Blood - pulmonary vein - Left
Atrium - mitral valve - Left Ventricle - Aorta - artery - arteriole - capillary - venule - vein - vena
cava
Respiratory System correct answers Organs: nasal cavity, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi,
lungs, alveoli
Function: deliver air to alveoli, provide O2 to blood, remove CO2 from blood, sound
How many lobes to the right and left lungs have? correct answers Right has 3 and the left has 2
Renal and Urinary System correct answers Organs: kidney, ureter, bladder
Function: excrete waste from blood, control water balance, storing urine, regulate blood [ ] and
pH
How much liquid do we filter a day and how much urine is usually produced? correct answers
We filter 170 L/day while only producing 1.5 L of urine.
Endocrine System correct answers Organs: pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal
glands, gonads, etc
Function: direct long-term changes in systems, metabolic activity, development
, Major hormones and their functions correct answers GH: pituitary. stimulates growth.
TH: thyroid. maintains metabolism, regulates BP, development
Cortisol: adrenal gland. Stress resistance and fat mobilization
Insulin: pancreas. Lowers blood sugar
Gastrin: stomach. Production of HCl
Erythropoietin: kidney. RBC production
Leptin: adipose. suppresses appetite.
Nervous System correct answers Organs: Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves
Function: provide and interpret sensory info, coordinate activities of other systems
Female Reproductive System correct answers Organs: ovaries, uterus, vagina, mammary glands
function: produce female sex cells, support embryo, provide milk
Menstrual cycle correct answers ovulation occurs around 14 days into cycle when LH surge
triggers release of single mature egg from ovary to go through fallopian tubes to the uterus. If
unfertilized, it is discharged and endometrium is shed (menstruation).
Distribution of Major Electrolytes correct answers Na+: 10:1 outside
K+: 25:1 inside
Cl-: 5:1 outside
HCO3-: 2:1 outside
Ca2+: micromolar inside. Thousand-fold greater outside.
Organic anions: 15:1 inside
channels vs transporters correct answers channels move water or ions and electrode
transporters are solute carriers or pumps
Permeability for passive diffusion correct answers -Ions (K+, Na+, HCO-, Ca2+, Cl-) do not
cross the membrane
-hydrophobic molecules (O2, N2, CO2) pass freely
-small, uncharged, polar molecules like glycerol can move to a small extent
-large, uncharged, polar molecules like glucose and sucrose do not cross by passive diffusion
True or false: Channels only move things passively correct answers True
Parts of a channel: pore, selectivity filter, electric field sensor, gate correct answers Pore: spans
the whole membrane
Selectivity filter: allows specific charges or shapes through
Electric field sensors: sense the change in voltage or electric potential across the membrane
gate: unlocks due to ligand-receptor binding
What are the four main ion channel types? correct answers Ligand-gated (lock-and-key),
voltage-gated (change in potential changes the field sensor to modulate gate), leak (continuously
open), and stretch-activated (perturbation of size and pore stretch)
