NSG 4100 Exam 2 Questions & Answers
with Rationales Top Rated Latest Version
Question 1
In which condition is the use of high-flow oxygen contraindicated?
A) Asthma exacerbation
B) Chronic bronchitis
C) COPD with hypercapnia
D) Pneumonia
Answer: C) COPD with hypercapnia
Rationale: High-flow oxygen can reduce respiratory drive in patients with COPD
and hypercapnia. These patients often require low-flow oxygen therapy to maintain
adequate oxygen saturation without risking carbon dioxide retention.
Question 2
What is the main purpose of teaching patients with diabetes to perform
regular foot care?
A) To improve balance
B) To prevent skin infections and ulcers
C) To increase circulation to the feet
D) To enhance cosmetic appearance
Answer: B) To prevent skin infections and ulcers
Rationale: Regular foot care is crucial for diabetics to prevent skin infections and
ulcers, which can lead to serious complications, including amputations.
Question 3
Which dietary modification is essential for a patient diagnosed with gout?
,A) Increase intake of high-purine foods
B) Limit alcohol consumption
C) Encourage high-protein meals
D) Avoid all dairy products
Answer: B) Limit alcohol consumption
Rationale: Limiting alcohol, particularly beer and spirits, is essential for patients
with gout as it can trigger flare-ups by increasing uric acid levels in the blood.
Question 4
A patient is experiencing chronic pain due to osteoarthritis. What is the most
appropriate initial nursing intervention?
A) Administer opioids
B) Encourage physical therapy
C) Provide education on weight management
D) Assess the pain level using a pain scale
Answer: D) Assess the pain level using a pain scale
Rationale: Assessing the pain level is critical to understand the severity and nature
of the pain, guiding appropriate interventions and treatment plans.
Question 5
What action should a nurse take when caring for a patient with a suspected
stroke?
A) Administer aspirin
B) Begin intravenous fluids
C) Perform a thorough neurological assessment
D) Position the patient in a supine position
Answer: C) Perform a thorough neurological assessment
Rationale: A thorough neurological assessment is essential in suspected stroke
cases to determine the type of stroke and guide immediate treatment decisions.
Administering aspirin is usually contraindicated in hemorrhagic strokes.
,Question 6
What is a critical assessment finding in a patient with suspected myocardial
infarction?
A) Bradycardia
B) Sudden onset of chest pain
C) Elevated white blood cell count
D) Normal blood pressure
Answer: B) Sudden onset of chest pain
Rationale: Sudden onset of chest pain is a hallmark symptom of myocardial
infarction. Other findings may appear, but chest pain is a key indicator that
warrants immediate attention.
Question 7
Which nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate for a patient with
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
A) Risk for infection
B) Impaired gas exchange
C) Acute pain
D) Ineffective coping
Answer: B) Impaired gas exchange
Rationale: "Impaired gas exchange" is a primary nursing diagnosis for patients
with COPD due to reduced airflow and oxygenation, making this the most relevant
diagnosis.
Question 8
What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient with heart failure
experiencing dyspnea?
, A) Administer diuretics
B) Elevate the head of the bed
C) Provide supplemental oxygen
D) Encourage slow, deep breathing
Answer: B) Elevate the head of the bed
Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed improves lung expansion and decreases
the work of breathing, making it the priority action when a patient experiences
dyspnea.
Question 9
Which lab value would indicate the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy?
A) Decreased international normalized ratio (INR)
B) Elevated platelet count
C) Prolonged prothrombin time (PT)
D) Increased hemoglobin levels
Answer: C) Prolonged prothrombin time (PT)
Rationale: An extended PT suggests that anticoagulation therapy is working
effectively, indicating that the blood is taking longer to clot. The INR is also
monitored for similar effectiveness.
Question 10
Which statement made by a patient with hypertension indicates a need for
further teaching?
A) “I need to monitor my blood pressure regularly.”
B) “I can take my medication whenever I remember.”
C) “I should follow a low-sodium diet.”
D) “Regular exercise can help manage my condition.”
Answer: B) “I can take my medication whenever I remember.”
Rationale: This statement indicates a lack of understanding of the importance of
with Rationales Top Rated Latest Version
Question 1
In which condition is the use of high-flow oxygen contraindicated?
A) Asthma exacerbation
B) Chronic bronchitis
C) COPD with hypercapnia
D) Pneumonia
Answer: C) COPD with hypercapnia
Rationale: High-flow oxygen can reduce respiratory drive in patients with COPD
and hypercapnia. These patients often require low-flow oxygen therapy to maintain
adequate oxygen saturation without risking carbon dioxide retention.
Question 2
What is the main purpose of teaching patients with diabetes to perform
regular foot care?
A) To improve balance
B) To prevent skin infections and ulcers
C) To increase circulation to the feet
D) To enhance cosmetic appearance
Answer: B) To prevent skin infections and ulcers
Rationale: Regular foot care is crucial for diabetics to prevent skin infections and
ulcers, which can lead to serious complications, including amputations.
Question 3
Which dietary modification is essential for a patient diagnosed with gout?
,A) Increase intake of high-purine foods
B) Limit alcohol consumption
C) Encourage high-protein meals
D) Avoid all dairy products
Answer: B) Limit alcohol consumption
Rationale: Limiting alcohol, particularly beer and spirits, is essential for patients
with gout as it can trigger flare-ups by increasing uric acid levels in the blood.
Question 4
A patient is experiencing chronic pain due to osteoarthritis. What is the most
appropriate initial nursing intervention?
A) Administer opioids
B) Encourage physical therapy
C) Provide education on weight management
D) Assess the pain level using a pain scale
Answer: D) Assess the pain level using a pain scale
Rationale: Assessing the pain level is critical to understand the severity and nature
of the pain, guiding appropriate interventions and treatment plans.
Question 5
What action should a nurse take when caring for a patient with a suspected
stroke?
A) Administer aspirin
B) Begin intravenous fluids
C) Perform a thorough neurological assessment
D) Position the patient in a supine position
Answer: C) Perform a thorough neurological assessment
Rationale: A thorough neurological assessment is essential in suspected stroke
cases to determine the type of stroke and guide immediate treatment decisions.
Administering aspirin is usually contraindicated in hemorrhagic strokes.
,Question 6
What is a critical assessment finding in a patient with suspected myocardial
infarction?
A) Bradycardia
B) Sudden onset of chest pain
C) Elevated white blood cell count
D) Normal blood pressure
Answer: B) Sudden onset of chest pain
Rationale: Sudden onset of chest pain is a hallmark symptom of myocardial
infarction. Other findings may appear, but chest pain is a key indicator that
warrants immediate attention.
Question 7
Which nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate for a patient with
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
A) Risk for infection
B) Impaired gas exchange
C) Acute pain
D) Ineffective coping
Answer: B) Impaired gas exchange
Rationale: "Impaired gas exchange" is a primary nursing diagnosis for patients
with COPD due to reduced airflow and oxygenation, making this the most relevant
diagnosis.
Question 8
What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient with heart failure
experiencing dyspnea?
, A) Administer diuretics
B) Elevate the head of the bed
C) Provide supplemental oxygen
D) Encourage slow, deep breathing
Answer: B) Elevate the head of the bed
Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed improves lung expansion and decreases
the work of breathing, making it the priority action when a patient experiences
dyspnea.
Question 9
Which lab value would indicate the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy?
A) Decreased international normalized ratio (INR)
B) Elevated platelet count
C) Prolonged prothrombin time (PT)
D) Increased hemoglobin levels
Answer: C) Prolonged prothrombin time (PT)
Rationale: An extended PT suggests that anticoagulation therapy is working
effectively, indicating that the blood is taking longer to clot. The INR is also
monitored for similar effectiveness.
Question 10
Which statement made by a patient with hypertension indicates a need for
further teaching?
A) “I need to monitor my blood pressure regularly.”
B) “I can take my medication whenever I remember.”
C) “I should follow a low-sodium diet.”
D) “Regular exercise can help manage my condition.”
Answer: B) “I can take my medication whenever I remember.”
Rationale: This statement indicates a lack of understanding of the importance of
