PATHOPHYSIOLOGY A
PRACTICAL APPROACH
EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
[Document subtitle]
[DATE]
[COMPANY NAME]
[Company address]
,Certainly! Here's a numbered list of all the questions and their answers based on your
provided information:
1. **Hypersensitivity**
- Inflamed immune response to a foreign substance.
2. **Type I hypersensitivity**
- Immediate response, local or systemic.
- Allergen activates IgE which binds to mast cells.
- Second exposure causes antigen to bind surface IgE, releasing mediators and triggering
the complement system.
- Examples: Hay fever, food allergies, anaphylaxis.
3. **Type II hypersensitivity**
- Cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction.
- IgG or IgM antibodies activate.
- Complement destroys blood cells.
- Usually immediate.
- Examples: Blood transfusion reactions, erythroblastosis fetalis.
4. **Type III hypersensitivity**
- Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity.
- Circulating antigen-antibody complexes deposit in tissues, triggering complement and
inflammation.
- Examples: Lupus.
- Treatment is disease-specific.
5. **Type IV hypersensitivity**
- Delayed hypersensitivity, T-cell mediated.
, - Examples: Tuberculin skin test, transplant reactions, contact dermatitis.
- Treatment is disease-specific.
6. **Allogenic transplant**
- Donor and recipient share similar tissue types; can be related or unrelated.
7. **Syngeneic transplant**
- Donor and recipient are identical twins.
8. **Autologous transplant**
- Donor and recipient are the same person.
9. **Hyperacute tissue rejection**
- Occurs immediately or within 3 days after transplant.
- Triggered by the complement system.
- Tissue becomes necrotic.
10. **Acute tissue rejection**
- Most common, treatable.
- Occurs between 3 days and 4 months after transplant.
- Symptoms: fever, erythema, edema, tenderness, impaired organ function.
11. **Chronic tissue rejection**
- Occurs 4 months to years later.
- Anti-body mediated.
- Antibodies deposit in vessel walls, causing ischemia.
12. **Host-versus-graft rejection**
PRACTICAL APPROACH
EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
[Document subtitle]
[DATE]
[COMPANY NAME]
[Company address]
,Certainly! Here's a numbered list of all the questions and their answers based on your
provided information:
1. **Hypersensitivity**
- Inflamed immune response to a foreign substance.
2. **Type I hypersensitivity**
- Immediate response, local or systemic.
- Allergen activates IgE which binds to mast cells.
- Second exposure causes antigen to bind surface IgE, releasing mediators and triggering
the complement system.
- Examples: Hay fever, food allergies, anaphylaxis.
3. **Type II hypersensitivity**
- Cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction.
- IgG or IgM antibodies activate.
- Complement destroys blood cells.
- Usually immediate.
- Examples: Blood transfusion reactions, erythroblastosis fetalis.
4. **Type III hypersensitivity**
- Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity.
- Circulating antigen-antibody complexes deposit in tissues, triggering complement and
inflammation.
- Examples: Lupus.
- Treatment is disease-specific.
5. **Type IV hypersensitivity**
- Delayed hypersensitivity, T-cell mediated.
, - Examples: Tuberculin skin test, transplant reactions, contact dermatitis.
- Treatment is disease-specific.
6. **Allogenic transplant**
- Donor and recipient share similar tissue types; can be related or unrelated.
7. **Syngeneic transplant**
- Donor and recipient are identical twins.
8. **Autologous transplant**
- Donor and recipient are the same person.
9. **Hyperacute tissue rejection**
- Occurs immediately or within 3 days after transplant.
- Triggered by the complement system.
- Tissue becomes necrotic.
10. **Acute tissue rejection**
- Most common, treatable.
- Occurs between 3 days and 4 months after transplant.
- Symptoms: fever, erythema, edema, tenderness, impaired organ function.
11. **Chronic tissue rejection**
- Occurs 4 months to years later.
- Anti-body mediated.
- Antibodies deposit in vessel walls, causing ischemia.
12. **Host-versus-graft rejection**
