COMD 4450 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026

COMD 4450 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026 fluency disorders are more common in which gender - Answers male most common fluency disorder - Answers stuttering stuttering - Answers increased rate of dysfluencies age of stuttering - Answers most children it begins before age 4 and progressively fewer after age 6 factors that influence stuttering - Answers gender, family history, genetics disfluency types - Answers repetitions, prolongations, interjections, silent pauses, broken words, incomplete phrases, revisions repetitions - Answers repeating a unit of speech, often meaningful and part of what is being said part-word repetition - Answers what t-t-t-t time is it? whole word repetition - Answers what what what are you doing phrase repetition - Answers i want to i want to i want to do it prolongations - Answers durations of speech segments of a sound syllable is longer than expected sound syllable prolongation - Answers llllll let me do it silent prolongation - Answers no sound on prolongation interjections - Answers intruded elements of speech that don't add to the meaning of what is being said sound syllable interjection - Answers um um um whole word interjection - Answers i had WELL a problem phrase interjection - Answers i had YOU KNOW a problem silent pauses - Answers i was to the ________ store broken words - Answers it's won ----- derful incomplete phrases - Answers he wanted to.....no i wont say anymore revisions - Answers i will take a taxi, a cab cluttering - Answers affects speech rate but may involve language and thought process; rapid and irregular speech rate and indistinct artic cluttering worsens when - Answers relaxed and when reading a familiar text cluttering is marked by - Answers hurried speech rate, reduced intelligibility due to errors of artic people who clutter often also have problems with - Answers reading and writing; motor incoordination; disorganized thought process; language problems; voice; syntax clutterer feelings - Answers no anxiety about speaking clutterers improve when - Answers under stressful or demanding situations; when cluttering is pointed out malingering stutter - Answers feigned stuttering for external benefit like getting out of work, avoiding service or jail, law suits/scams rule of thumb with stuttering - Answers 50-80% recover spontaneously secondary behaviors in stuttering - Answers learned reactions to core behaviors ex: head nos, eye blink, foot tap; avoidance- circumlocutions, unfilled pauses, interjections indirect approach to stuttering - Answers techniques for slp and parent to model: listen, don't complete message, avoid pressure and stress, avoid interruptions, avoid speaking for the child; decrease demands of verbal performance, avoid correcting mispronounced speech sounds, maintain eye contact even during disfluencies, avoid questions that require lengthy responses fluency shaping - Answers focus on eliminating disfluencies by practicing fluent speech; doesnt address secondary behaviors or feelings/attitudes fluency shaping techniques - Answers easy onset/prevoice exhalation; decrease speaking rate (prolonged speech); light articulatory contacts; continuous phonation; delayed auditory feedback stuttering modification - Answers stutter more fluently- primary goal is to modify each disfluent movement by stuttering more easily and to eliminate struggle and avoidance behaviors stuttering modification techniques - Answers self analysis; desensitization; relaxation; cancellation; hierarchy of feared speaking situations; pull outs; preparatory sets cancellation - Answers stick with stutter - stop and rehearse word in head and finish sentence pull-out - Answers stop phrase at stutter, mentally rehearse, start from beginning cleft palate types - Answers uni, bi, complete, incomplete minimal-worst cleft palate - Answers notch in uvula - through hard and soft palate and uvula most difficult speech for cleft palate - Answers 16 pressure consonants for clients with VPI - vowels=easiest; fricatives and affricates hardest cleft palate errors - Answers determine if they are developmental; phonological; obligatory; or compensatory (adopted) cleft therapy not appropriate if - Answers the only cause or artic and resonance errors are obligatory due to abnormal structure when to begin artic treatement for cleft palate - Answers 2-3 weeks post surgery if - no physical discomfort from surgery - feeling well enough -parent and child are willing to try -medical clearance compensatory errors - Answers child adopts because they move articlators because they lack structures; respond to therapy obligatory errors - Answers errors are made because of structural deficit - cant be fixed with therapy biofeedback - Answers intervention technique that uses electronic monitoring to amplify body functions that may be too subtle for normal awareness (nasometer, seescape) multidisciplinary - Answers each person completes their own section and writes their own discipline specifc recs - independently provide services interdisciplinary - Answers individual assessment followed by meeting with collaborative recommendation