Pharmacology Final 2005 Exam
Questions And Outlined Answers
\Q\.histamine 2 antagonist action - ANSWERS✔-- action: blocks h2 receptors from producing
HCl resulting in decreased volume of acid secreted
- includes cimetidine (Tagamet), ranitidine (Zantac), Famotidine (Pepsit)
- ends in ~tidine
- used fro treat GERD, duodenal and stress ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
\Q\.hydrochloric acid - ANSWERS✔-- can cause GERD and heart burn
- breaks down food (not digest)
- protects stomach from germs
- more H+ = more acidic
- no food in stomach can cause acid to hurt stomach tissues, more production of it if eating big
meal
- no HCl causes indigestion
\Q\.heart burn antacid calcium, magnesium, etc. - ANSWERS✔-- calcium/tums: small
medication for antacid, large medication for bones, can cause constipation if too large of a dose,
and can cause hypercalcemia
- magnesium: side effect of diarrhea, used for laxatives depending on dosage, can be antacid or
laxative (5ml - antacid vs 15 ml - laxative)
- sodium bicarbonate: baking soda, sodium increases hypertension, only use for urgent cases as
a quick remedy
- aluminum is not used in Canada
,\Q\.histamine 1 - ANSWERS✔-- used for allergies
\Q\.histamine 2 - ANSWERS✔-- stimulates stomach cells to produce HCl
\Q\.histamine 2 antagonist nursing responsibilities - ANSWERS✔-- assess for allergies (histamine
1), contraindications: impaired renal or hepatic function
- monitor compliance with drug regimen, bowel patterns
- administer oral drug with or before meals (drug dependent) - patient teaching
\Q\.antacid action - ANSWERS✔-- buffers hydrochloric acid to a lower concentration
- treats heartburn from excessive eating and drinking
- treats acute ulcer, large volumes
- includes aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate (Tums), magnesium oxide (milk of magnesia),
sodium bicabronate
\Q\.antacid nursing responsibilities - ANSWERS✔-- assess use of OTC antacids and reasoning,
auscultate bowel sounds, assess mucous membrane
- monitor electrolytes and renal function, bowel patterns; constipated or diarrhea?
- teach patient to administer drug one hour before or two hours after other oral meds, don't
take with antibiotics or iron products to avoid drug-drug interaction
- teach patient about potential acid rebound
\Q\.proton pump inhibitors action - ANSWERS✔-- inhibits gastric secretion by inhibiting gastric
acid pump of the parietal cells
- treats severe esophagitis, GERD, gastric and duodenal ulcers
,- includes esomeprazole (Nexium), pantoprazole (pantoloc, tecta), rabeprzazole (pariet),
lansoprazole (Prevacid - children) ~ prazole
\Q\.proton pump inhibitors nursing responsibilities - ANSWERS✔-- teach patient that it works
best when taken 30 minutes before meal
- drug to drug interactions with benzodiazepines (sedative), phenytoin, warfarin, ketoconzaline
(respiratory), theophylline (Bronchodilator)
\Q\.large intestine - ANSWERS✔-- accumulates good bacteria
- absorption of unhealthy food destroys good bacteria
- can cause diarrhea
\Q\.constipation and diarrhea - ANSWERS✔-- constipation reasons: not enough water, slow
peristalsis
- diarrhea causes: too much water and too much peristalsis, losing fluid and destroys balance of
electrolytes, becomes dehydrated
- antidiarrheal absorb water and decrease rate of peristalsis
- antidiarrheals:
- loperamide: slows down peristalsis
- bismuth subsalicylate: antacid
- narcotics: strong constipation side effect
\Q\.sulcralfate (carafate) - ANSWERS✔-- gastrointestinal protectant
- bandages ulcers created by HCl and pepsin (digestion of protein), ulcers can create cancer if
left untreated
\Q\.stomach stimulants - ANSWERS✔-- increases peristalsis: metoproclamide, domperidone
, - gas reliever: simethicone
\Q\.chemical stimulants action - ANSWERS✔-- directly words on intestines; causes irritations
that promote peristalsis and excretion, relieves acute constipation
- examples: bisacodyl (corrector, dulcolax, modane), sennosides, senna (creates painful
peristalsis), A&B (ex-lax)
\Q\.bulk stimulants action - ANSWERS✔-- draws water into intestine from surrounding tissues,
creates peristalsis safely, relieves acute constipation
- examples: polyethylene glycol (Colyte, go-LYTELY, miralax), lactulose liquid (cephulac), psyllium
(Metamucil), milk of magnesia (must shake)
\Q\.lubricants action - ANSWERS✔-- lubricates intestinal wall, slowing for smooth passage of
fecal contents, makes stool softer
- used as prophylactic (prevention of disease) who should not strain during defecation
- example: docusate (colace)
\Q\.laxatives nursing responsibilities - ANSWERS✔-- assess and monitor bowel patterns
\Q\.antidiarrheals action - ANSWERS✔-- locally: absorbs excess water to cause a formed stool
and absorb irritants or bacteria causing diarrhea
- systemic: acts through autonomic system to reduce peristalsis and motility of GI tract, allows
mucosal lining to absorb nutrients, water, and electrolytes, and leaves a formed stool
- treats sudden-onset diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, and post-GI surgery, absorbs water
and decreases rate of peristalsis
- examples: local: loperamide (Imodium, slows down peristalsis), bismuth subsalicylate (pepto-
bismol)
- systemic: opium derivatives (narcotic, side effect of constipation can be therapeutic)
Questions And Outlined Answers
\Q\.histamine 2 antagonist action - ANSWERS✔-- action: blocks h2 receptors from producing
HCl resulting in decreased volume of acid secreted
- includes cimetidine (Tagamet), ranitidine (Zantac), Famotidine (Pepsit)
- ends in ~tidine
- used fro treat GERD, duodenal and stress ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
\Q\.hydrochloric acid - ANSWERS✔-- can cause GERD and heart burn
- breaks down food (not digest)
- protects stomach from germs
- more H+ = more acidic
- no food in stomach can cause acid to hurt stomach tissues, more production of it if eating big
meal
- no HCl causes indigestion
\Q\.heart burn antacid calcium, magnesium, etc. - ANSWERS✔-- calcium/tums: small
medication for antacid, large medication for bones, can cause constipation if too large of a dose,
and can cause hypercalcemia
- magnesium: side effect of diarrhea, used for laxatives depending on dosage, can be antacid or
laxative (5ml - antacid vs 15 ml - laxative)
- sodium bicarbonate: baking soda, sodium increases hypertension, only use for urgent cases as
a quick remedy
- aluminum is not used in Canada
,\Q\.histamine 1 - ANSWERS✔-- used for allergies
\Q\.histamine 2 - ANSWERS✔-- stimulates stomach cells to produce HCl
\Q\.histamine 2 antagonist nursing responsibilities - ANSWERS✔-- assess for allergies (histamine
1), contraindications: impaired renal or hepatic function
- monitor compliance with drug regimen, bowel patterns
- administer oral drug with or before meals (drug dependent) - patient teaching
\Q\.antacid action - ANSWERS✔-- buffers hydrochloric acid to a lower concentration
- treats heartburn from excessive eating and drinking
- treats acute ulcer, large volumes
- includes aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate (Tums), magnesium oxide (milk of magnesia),
sodium bicabronate
\Q\.antacid nursing responsibilities - ANSWERS✔-- assess use of OTC antacids and reasoning,
auscultate bowel sounds, assess mucous membrane
- monitor electrolytes and renal function, bowel patterns; constipated or diarrhea?
- teach patient to administer drug one hour before or two hours after other oral meds, don't
take with antibiotics or iron products to avoid drug-drug interaction
- teach patient about potential acid rebound
\Q\.proton pump inhibitors action - ANSWERS✔-- inhibits gastric secretion by inhibiting gastric
acid pump of the parietal cells
- treats severe esophagitis, GERD, gastric and duodenal ulcers
,- includes esomeprazole (Nexium), pantoprazole (pantoloc, tecta), rabeprzazole (pariet),
lansoprazole (Prevacid - children) ~ prazole
\Q\.proton pump inhibitors nursing responsibilities - ANSWERS✔-- teach patient that it works
best when taken 30 minutes before meal
- drug to drug interactions with benzodiazepines (sedative), phenytoin, warfarin, ketoconzaline
(respiratory), theophylline (Bronchodilator)
\Q\.large intestine - ANSWERS✔-- accumulates good bacteria
- absorption of unhealthy food destroys good bacteria
- can cause diarrhea
\Q\.constipation and diarrhea - ANSWERS✔-- constipation reasons: not enough water, slow
peristalsis
- diarrhea causes: too much water and too much peristalsis, losing fluid and destroys balance of
electrolytes, becomes dehydrated
- antidiarrheal absorb water and decrease rate of peristalsis
- antidiarrheals:
- loperamide: slows down peristalsis
- bismuth subsalicylate: antacid
- narcotics: strong constipation side effect
\Q\.sulcralfate (carafate) - ANSWERS✔-- gastrointestinal protectant
- bandages ulcers created by HCl and pepsin (digestion of protein), ulcers can create cancer if
left untreated
\Q\.stomach stimulants - ANSWERS✔-- increases peristalsis: metoproclamide, domperidone
, - gas reliever: simethicone
\Q\.chemical stimulants action - ANSWERS✔-- directly words on intestines; causes irritations
that promote peristalsis and excretion, relieves acute constipation
- examples: bisacodyl (corrector, dulcolax, modane), sennosides, senna (creates painful
peristalsis), A&B (ex-lax)
\Q\.bulk stimulants action - ANSWERS✔-- draws water into intestine from surrounding tissues,
creates peristalsis safely, relieves acute constipation
- examples: polyethylene glycol (Colyte, go-LYTELY, miralax), lactulose liquid (cephulac), psyllium
(Metamucil), milk of magnesia (must shake)
\Q\.lubricants action - ANSWERS✔-- lubricates intestinal wall, slowing for smooth passage of
fecal contents, makes stool softer
- used as prophylactic (prevention of disease) who should not strain during defecation
- example: docusate (colace)
\Q\.laxatives nursing responsibilities - ANSWERS✔-- assess and monitor bowel patterns
\Q\.antidiarrheals action - ANSWERS✔-- locally: absorbs excess water to cause a formed stool
and absorb irritants or bacteria causing diarrhea
- systemic: acts through autonomic system to reduce peristalsis and motility of GI tract, allows
mucosal lining to absorb nutrients, water, and electrolytes, and leaves a formed stool
- treats sudden-onset diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, and post-GI surgery, absorbs water
and decreases rate of peristalsis
- examples: local: loperamide (Imodium, slows down peristalsis), bismuth subsalicylate (pepto-
bismol)
- systemic: opium derivatives (narcotic, side effect of constipation can be therapeutic)
