NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology

NR 507: ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS

Asthmak- kCORRECTkANSWER-
Chronickdiseasekdue ktokbronchoconstrictionkandkankexcessivekinflammatorykresponsekinkthe kbronchioles



Whatkare k5ks/skofkasthmak-kCORRECTkANSWER-coughingk

wheezingk

shortnesskofkbreathk

rapidkbreathingk

chestktightness



Pathophysiology kof kasthmak(5)k-kCORRECTkANSWER--airwaykinflammation,kbronchialkhyper-
reactivitykandksmoothkmuscle kspasm

-excesskmucuskproductionkandkaccumulationk

-hypertrophykofkbronchialksmoothkmuscle k

-airflowkobstructionk

-decreasedkalveolarkventilation



Bronchiolesk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
smallerkpassagewayskthatkoriginatekfromkthekbronchi kthatkbecomekthekalveoli



3klayerskof kthe kbronchiolesk-kCORRECTkANSWER-innermostklayerk

middle klayerk-klaminakpropriak

outermostklayer

,laminakpropriak-kCORRECTkANSWER-the kmiddle klayerkofkthe kbronchioles



structure kofkthe klaminakpropriak-kCORRECTkANSWER-
embeddedkwithkconnectivektissuekcellskandkimmunekcells



purpose kofktheklaminakpropriak-kCORRECTkANSWER-
white kbloodkcellskare kpresentktokhelpkprotectkthekairways



Howkdoeskthe klaminakpropriakeffectkthe klungskinkregardsktokasthmak-kCORRECTkANSWER-
the kWBCskprotective kfeature kgoeskintokoverdrivekcausingkankinflammatorykresponsekthatkdamageskhostktis
sue



Whatkdoeskthe kinnermostklayerkofkthekbronchioleskcontaink-kCORRECTkANSWER-
columnarkepithelialkellskandkmucuskproducingkgobletkcells


Whatkdoeskthe koutermostklayerkofkthekbronchioleskcontaink-kCORRECTkANSWER-smoothkmusclekcells



whatkdoeskthe koutermostklayerkofkthekbronchioleskdok-kCORRECTkANSWER-
control kthe kairwayskabilityktokconstrictkandkdilate



alveolarkhyperinflationk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Whenkairkiskunablektokmovekoutkofkthekalveolarklikekitkshouldkduektokbronchialkwallskcollapsingkaroundkpos
sible kmucuskplugkthusktrappingkairkinside



howkdoeskhyperinflationkoccur?k-kCORRECTkANSWER-
the kongoingkinflammatorykprocesskof kasthmakproduceskmucuskandkpuskplugkthatkthekbronchialkwallskcolla
pse karound



Effectkofkhyperinflationkofkthekalveolark-kCORRECTkANSWER--
expandedkthorax kandkhypercapniak(retentionkofkCO2) k

-krespiratorykacidosis



Whatkare ktwokanticholinergickdrugskusedkforkasthmak-kCORRECTkANSWER-tiotropiumkandkipratropium

, Whatkdokanticholinergicskdokinkthe klungs?k-kCORRECTkANSWER-
These kdrugskblockkthekeffectskof kthe kparasympatheticknervousksystemk

-kincreasingkbronchodilation



MOAkofkanticholinergickdrugskforkasthmak-kCORRECTkANSWER-
the kparasympatheticksystemkiskstimulatedkbykthekvagalknerve ktokreleasekacetylcholinekwhichkbindsktokthekc
holinergickreceptorskofkthekrespiratoryktractktokcausekbronchial kconstrictionk=kdecreasedkairflowk



-kblockingkthekcholinergickreceptorskpreventskacetylcholine kbindingkpreventingkthekbronchial kconstriction



bronchitisk-kCORRECTkANSWER-inflammationkofkthe kbronchial ktubes



3kcharacteristicskof kbronchitisk-kCORRECTkANSWER-bronchial kinflammation

hypersecretionkofkmucusk

chronickproductivekcoughkforkatkleastk3kconsecutivekmonthskforkatkleastk2ksuccessive kyears



Perfusionk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
The ksupplykofkoxygenktokandkremovalkofkwasteskfromkthe kcellskandktissueskofkthekbodykaskakresultkofkthekflo
wkof kbloodkthroughkthekcapillaries.



resultskof kchronickbronchitis/klowkperfusionk-kCORRECTkANSWER-cyanosisk

rightktokleftkshuntingk

chronickhypoxemia



Whykiskthere kcyanosiskwithkchronickbronchitisk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
there kiskhypoxiakduektokunfavorablekconditionskforkgaskexchange



Rightktokleftkshuntingk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
whenkbloodkpasseskfromkthekrightkventriclekthroughkthe klungskandktokthekleftkventriclekwithoutkperfusion