PSYC 140 UPDATED EXAMS SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Which of the following is NOT one of self-motivations discussed in class? - ✔✔self-
appraisal
✔✔Eric has just started working out at a gym and finds he compares himself with other
people at the gym. he wants to motivate himself and be inspired so he should engage
in: - ✔✔upward social comparison
✔✔The DV in an experiment is the variable that is - ✔✔the one being measured
✔✔After enduring a painful and humiliating series of initiation rituals, Pat was finally
admitted to a social club as a member in good standing. Across town, John was also
admitted to a social club, but this club was abandoned hazing as an initiation practice.
According to cognitive dissonance theory, which one should be more committed to his
fellow club members and why? - ✔✔Pat, because of the effects of effort justification
✔✔Ran begins his 20 page soc paper about 5pm on the night before the paper is due.
At around 6pm Gary requests a favor that would tkae several hours. Ryan grants the
favor and ends up leaving himself just a few hours to complete the paper. Later when
friends ask Ryan about his paper grade, he sas "I got a D because I was helping Gary
all niht instead o writing" This scenario is a process called - ✔✔self-handicapping
✔✔A researcher finds that the number of murders committed during a summer is
correlated with the number ice cream cones consumed. However, they realize that there
is a third variable problem related to this finding. What could it be? - ✔✔High
temperatures might be causing both greater ice cream sales and more aggression acts
o violence
✔✔Accordin to Festinger's social comparison theor, people often form jusdments.
According to to this theory, this process is most likely to occur when: - ✔✔people have
no objective standard by which to judge themselves
✔✔What is one of the most important differences between correlational and
experimental designs? - ✔✔experiments use random assignment
✔✔Alex's neighbor, a little boy, loves practicing his saxophone loudly and annoyingly .
According to the overjustification effect, if Alex wants to get him to quit playing, she
should - ✔✔pay him money to practice his saxophone for a few weeks and then stop
paying him
✔✔Research on the contingencies of self-worth suggests that a person's self
evaluations: - ✔✔depend on success and failure in various life domains
, ✔✔Consider the following finding from a study that asked children to describe
themselves: "Fourty four percent of children who were born outside of the United States
mentioned this biological fact when describing themselves, where as only 7 percent of
those born in the United States mentioned their place of birth." This finding best
supports the idea of: - ✔✔solo status
✔✔One implication of Tesser's self-evaluation maintenance model is that: - ✔✔we
should choose friends whom we outperform in domains relevant to our self concept but
who are talented in domains that are not relevant to the self
✔✔Jim has been trying to lose weight and spend all day ignoring the entire bowl of
candy bars on his coworkers desk. When Jim gets home that evening, he feels
exhausted and eats an entire container of ice cream. According to te research on self-
regulation, Jim is probably experiencing - ✔✔ego depletion
✔✔According to Leary's sociometer theory: - ✔✔self esteem is a reaction to which
people feel included or excluded by others
✔✔A researcher finds a substantial negative correlation between a measure of anxiety
and a measure of life satisfaction. How should we interpret the relationship between
these two variables? - ✔✔the higher a person scores on anxiety, the lower they score
on life satisfaction
✔✔_________________refers to the judgment that an experimental finding can be
generalized across people, time, and settings, while _________________ refers to the
judgment that an independent variable caused a change in a dependent variable within
an experiment. - ✔✔external validity, internal validity
✔✔the induced hipocrisy paradigm is used to activate a sense of - ✔✔cognitive
dissonance
✔✔Research suggests that people from an individualistic culture are relatively -
✔✔more likely to show strong emotional reactions in front o others
✔✔Which of the following statements best summarizes terror management theory? -
✔✔to protect against fears of mortality, humans try to see themselves as valuable
contributors to a meaningful world
✔✔In implementation intention involves: - ✔✔mental rules that link particular situational
cues to goal directed behaviors
✔✔A specific concrete method of measuring or manipulating a variable is referred to as
an - ✔✔operational definition
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Which of the following is NOT one of self-motivations discussed in class? - ✔✔self-
appraisal
✔✔Eric has just started working out at a gym and finds he compares himself with other
people at the gym. he wants to motivate himself and be inspired so he should engage
in: - ✔✔upward social comparison
✔✔The DV in an experiment is the variable that is - ✔✔the one being measured
✔✔After enduring a painful and humiliating series of initiation rituals, Pat was finally
admitted to a social club as a member in good standing. Across town, John was also
admitted to a social club, but this club was abandoned hazing as an initiation practice.
According to cognitive dissonance theory, which one should be more committed to his
fellow club members and why? - ✔✔Pat, because of the effects of effort justification
✔✔Ran begins his 20 page soc paper about 5pm on the night before the paper is due.
At around 6pm Gary requests a favor that would tkae several hours. Ryan grants the
favor and ends up leaving himself just a few hours to complete the paper. Later when
friends ask Ryan about his paper grade, he sas "I got a D because I was helping Gary
all niht instead o writing" This scenario is a process called - ✔✔self-handicapping
✔✔A researcher finds that the number of murders committed during a summer is
correlated with the number ice cream cones consumed. However, they realize that there
is a third variable problem related to this finding. What could it be? - ✔✔High
temperatures might be causing both greater ice cream sales and more aggression acts
o violence
✔✔Accordin to Festinger's social comparison theor, people often form jusdments.
According to to this theory, this process is most likely to occur when: - ✔✔people have
no objective standard by which to judge themselves
✔✔What is one of the most important differences between correlational and
experimental designs? - ✔✔experiments use random assignment
✔✔Alex's neighbor, a little boy, loves practicing his saxophone loudly and annoyingly .
According to the overjustification effect, if Alex wants to get him to quit playing, she
should - ✔✔pay him money to practice his saxophone for a few weeks and then stop
paying him
✔✔Research on the contingencies of self-worth suggests that a person's self
evaluations: - ✔✔depend on success and failure in various life domains
, ✔✔Consider the following finding from a study that asked children to describe
themselves: "Fourty four percent of children who were born outside of the United States
mentioned this biological fact when describing themselves, where as only 7 percent of
those born in the United States mentioned their place of birth." This finding best
supports the idea of: - ✔✔solo status
✔✔One implication of Tesser's self-evaluation maintenance model is that: - ✔✔we
should choose friends whom we outperform in domains relevant to our self concept but
who are talented in domains that are not relevant to the self
✔✔Jim has been trying to lose weight and spend all day ignoring the entire bowl of
candy bars on his coworkers desk. When Jim gets home that evening, he feels
exhausted and eats an entire container of ice cream. According to te research on self-
regulation, Jim is probably experiencing - ✔✔ego depletion
✔✔According to Leary's sociometer theory: - ✔✔self esteem is a reaction to which
people feel included or excluded by others
✔✔A researcher finds a substantial negative correlation between a measure of anxiety
and a measure of life satisfaction. How should we interpret the relationship between
these two variables? - ✔✔the higher a person scores on anxiety, the lower they score
on life satisfaction
✔✔_________________refers to the judgment that an experimental finding can be
generalized across people, time, and settings, while _________________ refers to the
judgment that an independent variable caused a change in a dependent variable within
an experiment. - ✔✔external validity, internal validity
✔✔the induced hipocrisy paradigm is used to activate a sense of - ✔✔cognitive
dissonance
✔✔Research suggests that people from an individualistic culture are relatively -
✔✔more likely to show strong emotional reactions in front o others
✔✔Which of the following statements best summarizes terror management theory? -
✔✔to protect against fears of mortality, humans try to see themselves as valuable
contributors to a meaningful world
✔✔In implementation intention involves: - ✔✔mental rules that link particular situational
cues to goal directed behaviors
✔✔A specific concrete method of measuring or manipulating a variable is referred to as
an - ✔✔operational definition
