NUR 612 UPDATED REVISION TEST QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Lysosomes - ✔✔responsible for destruction and degradation of material; contains
hydrophobic digestive enzymes
✔✔Mitochondria - ✔✔energy center of the cell, responsible for generating ATP
✔✔Transcription - ✔✔DNA to RNA
✔✔Translation - ✔✔RNA to protein
✔✔Autocrine signaling - ✔✔self; often used by cancer cells and immune cells
✔✔Paracrine signaling - ✔✔adjacent cells via gap junctions or cells releasing hormones
✔✔Endocrine signaling - ✔✔cells far away; example: cells releasing insulin to regular
blood sugar
✔✔Synaptic signaling - ✔✔neurons communicating via membrane depolarizations ->
synapse -> neurotransmitter released
✔✔Where does glycolysis occur? - ✔✔Cytoplasm
✔✔Cystic Fibrosis - ✔✔mutated CFTR causes impaired chloride export and reduces
mucus clearance
✔✔Posterior Pituitary Hormones - ✔✔ADH and oxytocin
✔✔Steroids end in - ✔✔-one
✔✔Amines and Amino Acids - ✔✔dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroid
hormone
✔✔Which hormones can signal a target cell? - ✔✔Only free hormones
✔✔When are hormones active? - ✔✔when in an unbound state
✔✔Up-regulation of hormone receptors - ✔✔decrease in hormone levels -> increase
receptor numbers; increased hormone response
✔✔Down-regulation of hormones - ✔✔increase in hormone levels -> decrease in
receptor numbers; decrease in hormone response
, ✔✔Anterior Pituitary Gland cell types - ✔✔1. thyrotrophs (TSH)
2. Corticotrophs (ACTH)
3. Gonadotrophs (FSH)
4. Somatotrophs (GH)
5. Lactotrophs (PRL)
✔✔The thalamus is involved in every sensory system except? - ✔✔the olfactory system
✔✔spinothalamic tract - ✔✔spine to cortex (dorsal/ posterior); transmit sensory*
impulses from body to brain
✔✔corticospinal tract - ✔✔cortex back to spine (ventral/ anterior); transmits motor*
impulses from brain to body
✔✔4 stages of fever - ✔✔prodrome, chill, flush, defervescence
✔✔ Pathophysiology - ✔✔The study of the cellular and organ changes that occur with
disease and the effects that these changes have on total body function
✔✔Reliability - ✔✔multiple observations of a test give the same results
✔✔Validity - ✔✔the test measures what it is supposed to measure
✔✔Sensitivity - ✔✔true positive
✔✔Specificity - ✔✔true negative
✔✔Predictive Value - ✔✔
✔✔Disease - ✔✔an acute or chronic illness that one acquires or is born with that
causes physiological dysfunction in one or more body system
✔✔Primary Prevention - ✔✔removing risk factors so the disease does not occur
(immunizations)
✔✔Secondar Prevention - ✔✔detecting disease when still curable (Pap smears)
✔✔Tertiary Prevention - ✔✔preventing further deterioration or reducing complications of
disease (antibiotic use)
✔✔Homeostasis - ✔✔the purposeful maintenance of stable internal environment
✔✔Negative Feedback System - ✔✔generates stability; when functions decrease below
set point, feedback mechanisms cause the functions or values to increase towards
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Lysosomes - ✔✔responsible for destruction and degradation of material; contains
hydrophobic digestive enzymes
✔✔Mitochondria - ✔✔energy center of the cell, responsible for generating ATP
✔✔Transcription - ✔✔DNA to RNA
✔✔Translation - ✔✔RNA to protein
✔✔Autocrine signaling - ✔✔self; often used by cancer cells and immune cells
✔✔Paracrine signaling - ✔✔adjacent cells via gap junctions or cells releasing hormones
✔✔Endocrine signaling - ✔✔cells far away; example: cells releasing insulin to regular
blood sugar
✔✔Synaptic signaling - ✔✔neurons communicating via membrane depolarizations ->
synapse -> neurotransmitter released
✔✔Where does glycolysis occur? - ✔✔Cytoplasm
✔✔Cystic Fibrosis - ✔✔mutated CFTR causes impaired chloride export and reduces
mucus clearance
✔✔Posterior Pituitary Hormones - ✔✔ADH and oxytocin
✔✔Steroids end in - ✔✔-one
✔✔Amines and Amino Acids - ✔✔dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroid
hormone
✔✔Which hormones can signal a target cell? - ✔✔Only free hormones
✔✔When are hormones active? - ✔✔when in an unbound state
✔✔Up-regulation of hormone receptors - ✔✔decrease in hormone levels -> increase
receptor numbers; increased hormone response
✔✔Down-regulation of hormones - ✔✔increase in hormone levels -> decrease in
receptor numbers; decrease in hormone response
, ✔✔Anterior Pituitary Gland cell types - ✔✔1. thyrotrophs (TSH)
2. Corticotrophs (ACTH)
3. Gonadotrophs (FSH)
4. Somatotrophs (GH)
5. Lactotrophs (PRL)
✔✔The thalamus is involved in every sensory system except? - ✔✔the olfactory system
✔✔spinothalamic tract - ✔✔spine to cortex (dorsal/ posterior); transmit sensory*
impulses from body to brain
✔✔corticospinal tract - ✔✔cortex back to spine (ventral/ anterior); transmits motor*
impulses from brain to body
✔✔4 stages of fever - ✔✔prodrome, chill, flush, defervescence
✔✔ Pathophysiology - ✔✔The study of the cellular and organ changes that occur with
disease and the effects that these changes have on total body function
✔✔Reliability - ✔✔multiple observations of a test give the same results
✔✔Validity - ✔✔the test measures what it is supposed to measure
✔✔Sensitivity - ✔✔true positive
✔✔Specificity - ✔✔true negative
✔✔Predictive Value - ✔✔
✔✔Disease - ✔✔an acute or chronic illness that one acquires or is born with that
causes physiological dysfunction in one or more body system
✔✔Primary Prevention - ✔✔removing risk factors so the disease does not occur
(immunizations)
✔✔Secondar Prevention - ✔✔detecting disease when still curable (Pap smears)
✔✔Tertiary Prevention - ✔✔preventing further deterioration or reducing complications of
disease (antibiotic use)
✔✔Homeostasis - ✔✔the purposeful maintenance of stable internal environment
✔✔Negative Feedback System - ✔✔generates stability; when functions decrease below
set point, feedback mechanisms cause the functions or values to increase towards
