Animal Sciences – period 1
Week 1.1 – introduction
Zoonosis: infectious disease from animals to human
Week 1.2 - circular food systems on land
important challenges:
1. Reducing feed- food competition 3. Improving animal health and
2. Reducing emissions resilience
4. Improving animal welfare
produce enough food that’s quantitatively and quantitatively responsible =
systematic approach
1. Circularity: role of animals in future food systems
Improving nutritional value
Minimizing environmental impact
Resource allocation
Predicting nutritional values
Consequences for health, welfare & behaviour
2. emission;
Between farm variation in efficiency = environment
Genetics
Diet
Welfare damaging behaviors
3. Animal health and reducing antibiotics use
4. Animal welfare
What do animals eat:
Why do animals eat? to obtain nutritional molecules that is required for
survival, reproduction en growth.
Nutritional strategies:
Dietary preferences, gastrointestinal anatomy, digestive physiology,
biochemical capabilities, and commensal microflora of an animal are
collectively known as its nutritional strategy
- Allow for specialization on food
- Coevolved with type of food consume
What do animals need:
Matching nutrient supply with requirements:
- Species - physiological state
- Activity - environment
Depending on what type of food they
consume!
, Research methodology:
Digestibility: the amount of nutrient absorbed by the individual.
is an important measure of nutritional quality
marker: non- absorbable substance
week 1.3 – circular food systems in water
Omega-3 unsaturated fat acids; healthy fish
How much seafood do we produce and eat:
70% of the earth is covered in water, 2% fresh water, but mostly seawater
fish
Main consumers: Japan, China Europe & North- America ( cause of luxury)
Main producers: China, Indonesia, India USA, Japen ( cause of luxury)
Catch/ hunting: fisheries (we catch in the wild) VS. Aquaculture: culture
living here (we feed the fish)
Norway; cage culture in fjords large quantities of compound feed
pellet
In the feed for fish: plant, marine resources, seaweed (cause feeding
fish with fish is not efficient with protein)
European vision on sustainable aquaculture:
How do we catch fish without effecting the environment ?
- Putting the blue (economy) into the green
- Effective management of all fisheries
- Upgrade value chains ensure the social, economic and environment
viability
- Sustainable aquaculture intensification and expansion satisfies
Different aquaculture production system:
- recirculating aquaculture system: stable environment, regulate light,
temperature and water quality. Feed driven (fish in fish out rational). Very
high densities!
- Cages: ‘harvesting’ at sea in natural habitat stable water quality = open
connection with environment. Natural food web. High stocking density!
Waste?
- Raceways: Stable water quality, high water consumption, trough the river.
Water goes from 1 to 2 to 3 etc. High stocking density!
- Grow- out Ponds: Natural food web + additional feeding. Ecologically, less
intents cause less oxygen flow. Low stocking density !
Week 1.1 – introduction
Zoonosis: infectious disease from animals to human
Week 1.2 - circular food systems on land
important challenges:
1. Reducing feed- food competition 3. Improving animal health and
2. Reducing emissions resilience
4. Improving animal welfare
produce enough food that’s quantitatively and quantitatively responsible =
systematic approach
1. Circularity: role of animals in future food systems
Improving nutritional value
Minimizing environmental impact
Resource allocation
Predicting nutritional values
Consequences for health, welfare & behaviour
2. emission;
Between farm variation in efficiency = environment
Genetics
Diet
Welfare damaging behaviors
3. Animal health and reducing antibiotics use
4. Animal welfare
What do animals eat:
Why do animals eat? to obtain nutritional molecules that is required for
survival, reproduction en growth.
Nutritional strategies:
Dietary preferences, gastrointestinal anatomy, digestive physiology,
biochemical capabilities, and commensal microflora of an animal are
collectively known as its nutritional strategy
- Allow for specialization on food
- Coevolved with type of food consume
What do animals need:
Matching nutrient supply with requirements:
- Species - physiological state
- Activity - environment
Depending on what type of food they
consume!
, Research methodology:
Digestibility: the amount of nutrient absorbed by the individual.
is an important measure of nutritional quality
marker: non- absorbable substance
week 1.3 – circular food systems in water
Omega-3 unsaturated fat acids; healthy fish
How much seafood do we produce and eat:
70% of the earth is covered in water, 2% fresh water, but mostly seawater
fish
Main consumers: Japan, China Europe & North- America ( cause of luxury)
Main producers: China, Indonesia, India USA, Japen ( cause of luxury)
Catch/ hunting: fisheries (we catch in the wild) VS. Aquaculture: culture
living here (we feed the fish)
Norway; cage culture in fjords large quantities of compound feed
pellet
In the feed for fish: plant, marine resources, seaweed (cause feeding
fish with fish is not efficient with protein)
European vision on sustainable aquaculture:
How do we catch fish without effecting the environment ?
- Putting the blue (economy) into the green
- Effective management of all fisheries
- Upgrade value chains ensure the social, economic and environment
viability
- Sustainable aquaculture intensification and expansion satisfies
Different aquaculture production system:
- recirculating aquaculture system: stable environment, regulate light,
temperature and water quality. Feed driven (fish in fish out rational). Very
high densities!
- Cages: ‘harvesting’ at sea in natural habitat stable water quality = open
connection with environment. Natural food web. High stocking density!
Waste?
- Raceways: Stable water quality, high water consumption, trough the river.
Water goes from 1 to 2 to 3 etc. High stocking density!
- Grow- out Ponds: Natural food web + additional feeding. Ecologically, less
intents cause less oxygen flow. Low stocking density !
