, Chapter 1 is important because all quantitative knowledge about our physical environment is
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based on measurement. Some chapter sections have been reorganized and rewritten for clarity. T
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he 1.2 Section, ―Scientific Investigation,‖ introduces the student to the procedures for scientific in
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vestigation. Major terms such as experiment, law, hypothesis, theory and scientific method are i
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ntroduced. The idea that physical science deals with quantitative knowledge should be stressed.
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It is not enough to know that a car is going ―fast‖; it is necessary to know how fast.
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A good understanding of units is of the utmost importance, particularly with the metric-
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
gb British use in the United States today. The metric SI is introduced and explained. Both the metri
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c and the British systems are used in the book in the early chapters for familiarity. The instructo
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r may decide to do examples primarily in the metric system, but the student should get some pra
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ctice in converting between the systems. This provides knowledge of the comparative size of si
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
milar units in the different systems and makes the student feel comfortable using what may be u
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
nfamiliar metric units. The Highlight, ―Is Unit Conversion Important? It Sure Is,‖ illustrates the i
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mportance of unit conversion. gb gb gb
The general theme of the chapter and the textbook is the students’ position in his or her
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physical world. Show the students that they know about their environment and themselves throu
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gh measurements. Measurements are involved in the answers to such questions as, How old are y
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ou? How much do you weigh? How tall are you? What is the normal body temperature?
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How much money do you have? These and many other technical questions are resolved or answe
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
red by measurements and quantitative analyses.
gb gb gb gb gb
DEMONSTRATIONS
Have a meter stick, a yardstick, a timer, one or more kilogram masses, a one-
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
liter beaker or a liter soda container, a one-
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
quart container, and a balance or scales available on the instructor’s desk. Demonstrate the comp
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
arative units. The meter stick can be compared to the yardstick to show the difference between th
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
em, along with the subunits of inches and centimeters. The liter and quart also can be compared.
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
Pass the kilogram mass around the classroom so that students can get some
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
,idea of the amount of mass in one kilogram. Mass and weight may be compared on the balance a
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
nd scales.
gb
When discussing Section 1.6, ―Derived Units and Conversion Factors,‖ have class me
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
mbers guess the length of the instructor’s desk in metric and British units. Then have several stu
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
dents independently measure the length with the meter stick and yardstick. Compare the measur
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
ements in terms of significant figures and units. Compare the averages of the measurements and
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
estimates. Convert the average metric measurement to British units, and vice versa, to practice co
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
nversion factors and to see how the measurements compare.
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
Various metric unit demonstrations are available from commercial sources.
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
ANSWERS TO MATCHING QUESTIONS gb gb gb
a. 15
gb g b g b b. 8 gb g b g b c. 10 gb g b g b d. 2 gb g b g b e. 19gb g b g b f. 14 gb g. 21 gb h. 13 i. 18gb gb j. 6 gb g b g b k. 11 gb l. 3 gb m. 12 gb
n. 1 gb o. 9 gb
p. 4
gb g b g b q. 23 r. 17 gb gb s. 5 t. 20
gb gb g b g b u. 16 v. 22
gb gb w. 7 gb
ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS gb gb gb
1.c 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. b
gb gb gb gb 6. c 7. d 8. b
gb gb gb gb g b 9. d 10. c 11. b 12. b
gb gb gb gb g b g b 13. a gb g b 14. b gb
ANSWERS TO FILL-IN-THE-BLANK QUESTIONS gb gb gb
1. biological
gb 2. hypothesis
gb 3. scientific method
gb gb 4. sight, hearing
gb gb 5. limitations
gb 6. less
gb
7. longer
gb 8. fundamental
gb 9. time or second
gb gb gb 10. one-billion, 109gb gb 11. liter gb
12. mass
gb 13. less gb
ANSWERS TO SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS gb gb gb
1. An organized body of knowledge about the natural universe by which knowledge is acquired
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb g
b and tested. gb
2. Physics, chemistry, astronomy, meteorology, and geology.
gb gb gb gb gb
3. The 5 elements of scientific method are:
gb gb gb gb gb gb
1. Observations and Measurements, gb gb
2. Hypothesis,
3. Experiments,
4. Theory, and gb
5. Law.
4. Hypothesis
, 5. A law is a concise statement about a fundamental relationship of nature. A theory is a well-
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
gb tested explanation of a broad segment of natural phenomena.
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
6. It illustrates the need to improve the standard of education among the general public and to
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
gb emphasize the importance of a well-developed scientific method.
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
7. Sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell.
gb gb gb gb gb
8. They have limitations and can be deceived, thus providing false information about our
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb g
b environment.
9. (a) No. (b) Yes. (c) Lower line.
gb g b gb g b gb gb
10. A fixed and reproducible value.
gb gb gb gb
11. They are the most basic quantities of which we can think. And they are not dependent on
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb g
b other physical quantities.
gb gb
12. A group of standard units and their combinations.
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
13. mile/hour
14. No, the United States is the only major country that has not gone completely metric.
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
15. Kilogram, a platinum-iridium cylinder. gb gb gb
16. Mass. Weight varies with gravity. gb gb gb gb
17. Meter-kilogram-second, International System of Units, and centimeter-gram-second. gb gb gb gb gb gb
18. Base 10 easier to use (factors of 10).
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
19. kilo- (k), mega- (M), milli- (m), micro- (µ)
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
20. Mass of a cubic liter of water.
gb gb gb gb gb gb
21. kg/cubic meter. gb
22. Three fundamental quantities generally used are: Length(m), Mass(Kg), and
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
Time(s).
23. The compactness of matter.
gb gb gb
24. It is given a new name.
gb gb gb gb gb
25. No. An equation must be equal in magnitude and units.
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
26. Yes. And it could be confused with ―meters‖ instead of ―miles.‖
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
27. To express measured numbers properly.
gb gb gb gb
28. The 3 rules for determining significant figures are:
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
1. Non-zero digits are always significant, gb gb gb gb
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
based on measurement. Some chapter sections have been reorganized and rewritten for clarity. T
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
he 1.2 Section, ―Scientific Investigation,‖ introduces the student to the procedures for scientific in
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
vestigation. Major terms such as experiment, law, hypothesis, theory and scientific method are i
g b gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
ntroduced. The idea that physical science deals with quantitative knowledge should be stressed.
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
It is not enough to know that a car is going ―fast‖; it is necessary to know how fast.
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
A good understanding of units is of the utmost importance, particularly with the metric-
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
gb British use in the United States today. The metric SI is introduced and explained. Both the metri
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
c and the British systems are used in the book in the early chapters for familiarity. The instructo
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
r may decide to do examples primarily in the metric system, but the student should get some pra
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
ctice in converting between the systems. This provides knowledge of the comparative size of si
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
milar units in the different systems and makes the student feel comfortable using what may be u
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
nfamiliar metric units. The Highlight, ―Is Unit Conversion Important? It Sure Is,‖ illustrates the i
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
mportance of unit conversion. gb gb gb
The general theme of the chapter and the textbook is the students’ position in his or her
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
physical world. Show the students that they know about their environment and themselves throu
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
gh measurements. Measurements are involved in the answers to such questions as, How old are y
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
ou? How much do you weigh? How tall are you? What is the normal body temperature?
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
How much money do you have? These and many other technical questions are resolved or answe
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
red by measurements and quantitative analyses.
gb gb gb gb gb
DEMONSTRATIONS
Have a meter stick, a yardstick, a timer, one or more kilogram masses, a one-
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
liter beaker or a liter soda container, a one-
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
quart container, and a balance or scales available on the instructor’s desk. Demonstrate the comp
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
arative units. The meter stick can be compared to the yardstick to show the difference between th
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
em, along with the subunits of inches and centimeters. The liter and quart also can be compared.
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
Pass the kilogram mass around the classroom so that students can get some
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
,idea of the amount of mass in one kilogram. Mass and weight may be compared on the balance a
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
nd scales.
gb
When discussing Section 1.6, ―Derived Units and Conversion Factors,‖ have class me
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
mbers guess the length of the instructor’s desk in metric and British units. Then have several stu
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
dents independently measure the length with the meter stick and yardstick. Compare the measur
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
ements in terms of significant figures and units. Compare the averages of the measurements and
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
estimates. Convert the average metric measurement to British units, and vice versa, to practice co
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
nversion factors and to see how the measurements compare.
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
Various metric unit demonstrations are available from commercial sources.
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
ANSWERS TO MATCHING QUESTIONS gb gb gb
a. 15
gb g b g b b. 8 gb g b g b c. 10 gb g b g b d. 2 gb g b g b e. 19gb g b g b f. 14 gb g. 21 gb h. 13 i. 18gb gb j. 6 gb g b g b k. 11 gb l. 3 gb m. 12 gb
n. 1 gb o. 9 gb
p. 4
gb g b g b q. 23 r. 17 gb gb s. 5 t. 20
gb gb g b g b u. 16 v. 22
gb gb w. 7 gb
ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS gb gb gb
1.c 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. b
gb gb gb gb 6. c 7. d 8. b
gb gb gb gb g b 9. d 10. c 11. b 12. b
gb gb gb gb g b g b 13. a gb g b 14. b gb
ANSWERS TO FILL-IN-THE-BLANK QUESTIONS gb gb gb
1. biological
gb 2. hypothesis
gb 3. scientific method
gb gb 4. sight, hearing
gb gb 5. limitations
gb 6. less
gb
7. longer
gb 8. fundamental
gb 9. time or second
gb gb gb 10. one-billion, 109gb gb 11. liter gb
12. mass
gb 13. less gb
ANSWERS TO SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS gb gb gb
1. An organized body of knowledge about the natural universe by which knowledge is acquired
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb g
b and tested. gb
2. Physics, chemistry, astronomy, meteorology, and geology.
gb gb gb gb gb
3. The 5 elements of scientific method are:
gb gb gb gb gb gb
1. Observations and Measurements, gb gb
2. Hypothesis,
3. Experiments,
4. Theory, and gb
5. Law.
4. Hypothesis
, 5. A law is a concise statement about a fundamental relationship of nature. A theory is a well-
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
gb tested explanation of a broad segment of natural phenomena.
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
6. It illustrates the need to improve the standard of education among the general public and to
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
gb emphasize the importance of a well-developed scientific method.
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
7. Sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell.
gb gb gb gb gb
8. They have limitations and can be deceived, thus providing false information about our
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb g
b environment.
9. (a) No. (b) Yes. (c) Lower line.
gb g b gb g b gb gb
10. A fixed and reproducible value.
gb gb gb gb
11. They are the most basic quantities of which we can think. And they are not dependent on
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb g
b other physical quantities.
gb gb
12. A group of standard units and their combinations.
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
13. mile/hour
14. No, the United States is the only major country that has not gone completely metric.
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
15. Kilogram, a platinum-iridium cylinder. gb gb gb
16. Mass. Weight varies with gravity. gb gb gb gb
17. Meter-kilogram-second, International System of Units, and centimeter-gram-second. gb gb gb gb gb gb
18. Base 10 easier to use (factors of 10).
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
19. kilo- (k), mega- (M), milli- (m), micro- (µ)
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
20. Mass of a cubic liter of water.
gb gb gb gb gb gb
21. kg/cubic meter. gb
22. Three fundamental quantities generally used are: Length(m), Mass(Kg), and
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
Time(s).
23. The compactness of matter.
gb gb gb
24. It is given a new name.
gb gb gb gb gb
25. No. An equation must be equal in magnitude and units.
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
26. Yes. And it could be confused with ―meters‖ instead of ―miles.‖
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
27. To express measured numbers properly.
gb gb gb gb
28. The 3 rules for determining significant figures are:
gb gb gb gb gb gb gb
1. Non-zero digits are always significant, gb gb gb gb
