10/31/2024
PHARMACOLOGY
NR293
Professor Donita Hartman
MSN, RN, CDCES
1
OBJECTIVES
• Define pharmacological terms and principles.
• Review how over-the-counter and prescribed
medications interact.
• Identify how culture and lifespan considerations impact
pharmacological therapies.
• Consider the role that legal and ethical issues affect the
administration of pharmacological therapies.
• Learn how to assess, diagnose, plan, implement, and
evaluate when administering medications.
2
1
, 10/31/2024
PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY
• OVERVIEW
• Drug:
• Nomenclature – generic & trade name
• Preparation – oral, topical, parenteral
• Classification – drugs w/similar characteristics
• Pharmaceutical Class refers to the mechanism of action
• Therapeutic Class refers to the indication for the drug
• Adverse Reactions – undesired/harmful effects
• Side Effects – an effect that may or may not be desired
• Factors Affecting Drug Action – age, disease, pregnancy, wt.
biological sex, cultural & genetic factors
• Drug Level Monitoring – some meds can become toxic
• Be aware of drug interactions – including supplements/herbals
3
COMMON TYPES OF DRUG PREPARATIONS
PREPARATIONS DESCRIPTION
Capsule Powder or gel form of drug enclosed in
gelatinous container
Elixir Med in clear liquid w/H2O &/or flavor
Enteric coated Coated med to prevent stomach irritation
Extended release (ER) * Prepped for slow & continuous release
Suppository Med in firm gelatin that’s inserted into body
cavity
Suspension Undissolved particles in liquid that must be
shaken before use
Transdermal patch Applied to the skin for absorption into
bloodstream
4
2
, 10/31/2024
PHARMACOKINETICS • How the drug is administered
and absorbed.
• How the drug is distributed.
• Where the drug is
Study of the process from
injection/ingestion to when all
metabolized.
metabolites have left the body.
• How the drug is excreted.
5
Pharmacokinetics
ABSORPTION DISTRIBUTION METABOLISM EFFECT EXCRETION
Movement of drug
*
How the drug will Biochemical Intended use of Elimination of the
into the be delivered thru changes to make the drug drug (& its
bloodstream the body it useful metabolites)
Pharmacokinetics R/T aging
gastric pH, body H2O microsomal What happens GFR 40-50%
gastric emptying, body fat enzymes, hepatic here? Fewer nephrons
motility, blood Fewer protein flow More or less
flow 40-50% binding sites effect??
6
3
PHARMACOLOGY
NR293
Professor Donita Hartman
MSN, RN, CDCES
1
OBJECTIVES
• Define pharmacological terms and principles.
• Review how over-the-counter and prescribed
medications interact.
• Identify how culture and lifespan considerations impact
pharmacological therapies.
• Consider the role that legal and ethical issues affect the
administration of pharmacological therapies.
• Learn how to assess, diagnose, plan, implement, and
evaluate when administering medications.
2
1
, 10/31/2024
PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY
• OVERVIEW
• Drug:
• Nomenclature – generic & trade name
• Preparation – oral, topical, parenteral
• Classification – drugs w/similar characteristics
• Pharmaceutical Class refers to the mechanism of action
• Therapeutic Class refers to the indication for the drug
• Adverse Reactions – undesired/harmful effects
• Side Effects – an effect that may or may not be desired
• Factors Affecting Drug Action – age, disease, pregnancy, wt.
biological sex, cultural & genetic factors
• Drug Level Monitoring – some meds can become toxic
• Be aware of drug interactions – including supplements/herbals
3
COMMON TYPES OF DRUG PREPARATIONS
PREPARATIONS DESCRIPTION
Capsule Powder or gel form of drug enclosed in
gelatinous container
Elixir Med in clear liquid w/H2O &/or flavor
Enteric coated Coated med to prevent stomach irritation
Extended release (ER) * Prepped for slow & continuous release
Suppository Med in firm gelatin that’s inserted into body
cavity
Suspension Undissolved particles in liquid that must be
shaken before use
Transdermal patch Applied to the skin for absorption into
bloodstream
4
2
, 10/31/2024
PHARMACOKINETICS • How the drug is administered
and absorbed.
• How the drug is distributed.
• Where the drug is
Study of the process from
injection/ingestion to when all
metabolized.
metabolites have left the body.
• How the drug is excreted.
5
Pharmacokinetics
ABSORPTION DISTRIBUTION METABOLISM EFFECT EXCRETION
Movement of drug
*
How the drug will Biochemical Intended use of Elimination of the
into the be delivered thru changes to make the drug drug (& its
bloodstream the body it useful metabolites)
Pharmacokinetics R/T aging
gastric pH, body H2O microsomal What happens GFR 40-50%
gastric emptying, body fat enzymes, hepatic here? Fewer nephrons
motility, blood Fewer protein flow More or less
flow 40-50% binding sites effect??
6
3
