Chapter 1 Butts and Rich: Nursing Ethics QUESTIONS AND
VERIFFIED ANSWERS 2026
Ethics - ANSWER✔✔🌹-the study of ideal human behavior and ideal ways of being
-active process: supported by logical, theoretically based arguments
morals - ANSWER✔✔🌹-specific beliefs, behaviors, and ways of being that are derived from doing ethics
nonmoral - ANSWER✔✔🌹-used if moral standards to not apply
amoral - ANSWER✔✔🌹-term used to refer to actions usually considered immoral, but the actions are
done without concern for behavior or outcomes
normative ethics - ANSWER✔✔🌹-an attempt to decide or describe values, behaviors, or ways of being
that are right/wrong, good/bad, etc.
common morality - ANSWER✔✔🌹-consists of normative beliefs and behaviors that members of a
society generally agree about and that are familiar to most human beings
metaethics - ANSWER✔✔🌹-a study about ethics, concerned with understanding the language of
morality through an analysis of the meaning of ethically related concepts and theories
ex: meaning of good, happiness, virtue
descriptive ethics - ANSWER✔✔🌹-an approach used when attempting to describe what people think
about morality; or when they want to describe how people actually behave, their true morals
, ethical relativism - ANSWER✔✔🌹-the belief that it is okay for morals to differ among individuals or
cultures
ethical subjectivism - ANSWER✔✔🌹-individuals create their own reality, no objective moral truths -
only individual opinions
cultural relativism - ANSWER✔✔🌹-moral evaluation is routed in cultural experiences and therefore are
based on the individual culture, allowing for moral difference
ethical objectivism - ANSWER✔✔🌹-the belief that universal or objective moral truths exist
values - ANSWER✔✔🌹-something of worth, or that is highly regarded
reasoning - ANSWER✔✔🌹-the use of abstract thought processes to think creatively, solve problems,
and formulate strategies for a desired way of being
socrates - ANSWER✔✔🌹-promoter of moral reasoning and critical thinking; developed form of
questioning
Plato - ANSWER✔✔🌹-believed in two forms of reality
-soul consists of three parts: faculty of reason, faculty of spirit, and faculty of appetite
-four virtues: prudence (wisdom), fortitude (courage), temperance, justice
Aristotle - ANSWER✔✔🌹-importance of empirical enquiry; everything has an end goal
-people need education to cultivate phronesis and achieve intellectual excellence
St. Augustine - ANSWER✔✔🌹-duty to love God; moral reasoning should direct one's senses in
accordance to that duty
VERIFFIED ANSWERS 2026
Ethics - ANSWER✔✔🌹-the study of ideal human behavior and ideal ways of being
-active process: supported by logical, theoretically based arguments
morals - ANSWER✔✔🌹-specific beliefs, behaviors, and ways of being that are derived from doing ethics
nonmoral - ANSWER✔✔🌹-used if moral standards to not apply
amoral - ANSWER✔✔🌹-term used to refer to actions usually considered immoral, but the actions are
done without concern for behavior or outcomes
normative ethics - ANSWER✔✔🌹-an attempt to decide or describe values, behaviors, or ways of being
that are right/wrong, good/bad, etc.
common morality - ANSWER✔✔🌹-consists of normative beliefs and behaviors that members of a
society generally agree about and that are familiar to most human beings
metaethics - ANSWER✔✔🌹-a study about ethics, concerned with understanding the language of
morality through an analysis of the meaning of ethically related concepts and theories
ex: meaning of good, happiness, virtue
descriptive ethics - ANSWER✔✔🌹-an approach used when attempting to describe what people think
about morality; or when they want to describe how people actually behave, their true morals
, ethical relativism - ANSWER✔✔🌹-the belief that it is okay for morals to differ among individuals or
cultures
ethical subjectivism - ANSWER✔✔🌹-individuals create their own reality, no objective moral truths -
only individual opinions
cultural relativism - ANSWER✔✔🌹-moral evaluation is routed in cultural experiences and therefore are
based on the individual culture, allowing for moral difference
ethical objectivism - ANSWER✔✔🌹-the belief that universal or objective moral truths exist
values - ANSWER✔✔🌹-something of worth, or that is highly regarded
reasoning - ANSWER✔✔🌹-the use of abstract thought processes to think creatively, solve problems,
and formulate strategies for a desired way of being
socrates - ANSWER✔✔🌹-promoter of moral reasoning and critical thinking; developed form of
questioning
Plato - ANSWER✔✔🌹-believed in two forms of reality
-soul consists of three parts: faculty of reason, faculty of spirit, and faculty of appetite
-four virtues: prudence (wisdom), fortitude (courage), temperance, justice
Aristotle - ANSWER✔✔🌹-importance of empirical enquiry; everything has an end goal
-people need education to cultivate phronesis and achieve intellectual excellence
St. Augustine - ANSWER✔✔🌹-duty to love God; moral reasoning should direct one's senses in
accordance to that duty
