BIOS 251 EXAM 3 REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED ANSWERS
◉ integration. Answer: sensory input is processed and interpreted
by a control center in the brain/spinal cord (happens in CNS)
◉ motor output. Answer: motor neurons send signal to effectors
(muscles and glands) to produce a response
◉ central nervous system. Answer: consists of brain and spinal cord;
integration occurs here
◉ peripheral nervous system. Answer: consists of spinal and cranial
nerves, has two subdivisions: sensory (afferent) and motor
(efferent)
◉ afferent (sensory). Answer: carry impulses towards CNS (sensory
input)
◉ efferent (motor). Answer: carry impulses away (exiting) from the
CNS (motor output)
, ◉ neuroglia. Answer: supporting cells that surround, protect, and
support neurons
◉ neurons. Answer: excitable and conductive cells that send and
receive electrical signals (action potentials)
◉ astrocytes. Answer: most common neuroglia of CNS; connect
neurons to capillaries
◉ ependymal cells. Answer: neuroglia of CNS that help circulate
*cerebrospinal fluid* throughout cavities; found in hollow portions
of brain/spinal cord
◉ oligodendrocytes. Answer: neuroglia of CNS that form insulating
myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS
◉ schwann cells. Answer: neuroglia of the PNS that form myelin
sheaths
◉ neurons. Answer: -conduct/receive impulses
-extreme longevity
-mostly amitotic
-high metabolic rate (require continuous oxygen & glucose)
DETAILED ANSWERS
◉ integration. Answer: sensory input is processed and interpreted
by a control center in the brain/spinal cord (happens in CNS)
◉ motor output. Answer: motor neurons send signal to effectors
(muscles and glands) to produce a response
◉ central nervous system. Answer: consists of brain and spinal cord;
integration occurs here
◉ peripheral nervous system. Answer: consists of spinal and cranial
nerves, has two subdivisions: sensory (afferent) and motor
(efferent)
◉ afferent (sensory). Answer: carry impulses towards CNS (sensory
input)
◉ efferent (motor). Answer: carry impulses away (exiting) from the
CNS (motor output)
, ◉ neuroglia. Answer: supporting cells that surround, protect, and
support neurons
◉ neurons. Answer: excitable and conductive cells that send and
receive electrical signals (action potentials)
◉ astrocytes. Answer: most common neuroglia of CNS; connect
neurons to capillaries
◉ ependymal cells. Answer: neuroglia of CNS that help circulate
*cerebrospinal fluid* throughout cavities; found in hollow portions
of brain/spinal cord
◉ oligodendrocytes. Answer: neuroglia of CNS that form insulating
myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS
◉ schwann cells. Answer: neuroglia of the PNS that form myelin
sheaths
◉ neurons. Answer: -conduct/receive impulses
-extreme longevity
-mostly amitotic
-high metabolic rate (require continuous oxygen & glucose)
