Juvenile Delinquency - Chapter 3
(Individual Causes of Delinquency) Exam
Questions + Verified Answers 100%
correct, Update 2026
positivism -
correct answer ✅the view that just as laws operate in the medical,
biological, and physical sciences, laws govern human behavior and
these laws can be understood and used
(ppt notes)
-The social world operates according to laws or rules just as the
physical world does. Delinquents are affected by biological or
psychological factors that impair or alter their decision-making
abilities and can be identified through the use of social scientific
techniques.
-Need to gather all the facts of the case, analyze the issues using
the scientific method, and discover that factual solutions.
The Classical School and Juvenile Delinquency -
correct answer ✅The association between criminal behavior and
the rationality of crime has roots in the eighteenth-century classical
school of criminology. This school's founders were Charles de
Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu; Cesare Bonesana, Marquis of
Beccaria; and Jeremy Bentham.
,Juvenile Delinquency - Chapter 3
(Individual Causes of Delinquency) Exam
Questions + Verified Answers 100%
correct, Update 2026
These thinkers viewed humans as rational creatures who are willing
to surrender enough liberty to the state so that society can
establish rules and sanctions for the preservation of the social
order.
(ppt notes)
-Juveniles who commit serious crimes or continue to break the law
are presumed to deserve punishment rather than treatment
because they possess free will and know what they are doing
-Objectives of criminal punishment:
*General deterrence
*Specific deterrence
*Incapacitation
*Rehabilitation
*Restoration
*Equity/Restitution
Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (1747) -
correct answer ✅argued that "the severity of punishment is fitter
for despotic governments whose principle is terror, than for a
, Juvenile Delinquency - Chapter 3
(Individual Causes of Delinquency) Exam
Questions + Verified Answers 100%
correct, Update 2026
monarchy or a republic whose strength is honor and virtue."
Montesquieu added that under a moderate and lenient
government, "the greatest punishment of a bad action is
conviction."
Beccaria, On Crimes and Punishments (1764) -
correct answer ✅based the legitimacy of criminal sanctions on the
social contract. Beccaria saw punishment as a necessary evil and
suggested that "it should be public, immediate, and necessary; the
least possible in the case given; proportioned to the crime; and
determined by the laws." He then defined the purpose and
consequences of punishment as being "to deter persons from the
commission of crime and not to provide social revenge. Not
severity, but certainty and swiftness in punishment best secure this
result."
Bentham, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and
Legislation (1780) -
correct answer ✅Believing that a rational person would do what
was necessary to achieve the most pleasure and the least pain,
Bentham contended that punishment would deter criminal
behavior, provided it was made appropriate to the crime. He stated
(Individual Causes of Delinquency) Exam
Questions + Verified Answers 100%
correct, Update 2026
positivism -
correct answer ✅the view that just as laws operate in the medical,
biological, and physical sciences, laws govern human behavior and
these laws can be understood and used
(ppt notes)
-The social world operates according to laws or rules just as the
physical world does. Delinquents are affected by biological or
psychological factors that impair or alter their decision-making
abilities and can be identified through the use of social scientific
techniques.
-Need to gather all the facts of the case, analyze the issues using
the scientific method, and discover that factual solutions.
The Classical School and Juvenile Delinquency -
correct answer ✅The association between criminal behavior and
the rationality of crime has roots in the eighteenth-century classical
school of criminology. This school's founders were Charles de
Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu; Cesare Bonesana, Marquis of
Beccaria; and Jeremy Bentham.
,Juvenile Delinquency - Chapter 3
(Individual Causes of Delinquency) Exam
Questions + Verified Answers 100%
correct, Update 2026
These thinkers viewed humans as rational creatures who are willing
to surrender enough liberty to the state so that society can
establish rules and sanctions for the preservation of the social
order.
(ppt notes)
-Juveniles who commit serious crimes or continue to break the law
are presumed to deserve punishment rather than treatment
because they possess free will and know what they are doing
-Objectives of criminal punishment:
*General deterrence
*Specific deterrence
*Incapacitation
*Rehabilitation
*Restoration
*Equity/Restitution
Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (1747) -
correct answer ✅argued that "the severity of punishment is fitter
for despotic governments whose principle is terror, than for a
, Juvenile Delinquency - Chapter 3
(Individual Causes of Delinquency) Exam
Questions + Verified Answers 100%
correct, Update 2026
monarchy or a republic whose strength is honor and virtue."
Montesquieu added that under a moderate and lenient
government, "the greatest punishment of a bad action is
conviction."
Beccaria, On Crimes and Punishments (1764) -
correct answer ✅based the legitimacy of criminal sanctions on the
social contract. Beccaria saw punishment as a necessary evil and
suggested that "it should be public, immediate, and necessary; the
least possible in the case given; proportioned to the crime; and
determined by the laws." He then defined the purpose and
consequences of punishment as being "to deter persons from the
commission of crime and not to provide social revenge. Not
severity, but certainty and swiftness in punishment best secure this
result."
Bentham, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and
Legislation (1780) -
correct answer ✅Believing that a rational person would do what
was necessary to achieve the most pleasure and the least pain,
Bentham contended that punishment would deter criminal
behavior, provided it was made appropriate to the crime. He stated
