KHP 420 G EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS 100% PASS
What is the ventilatory threshold? How is that different than lactate threshold? -
ANSWER -the point during incremental exercise at which ventilation increases
disproportionately compared with oxygen consumption.
-provides an alternative to blood sampling for detecting the onset of "anaerobic
threshold" or lactate threshold
-It can provide a noninvasive means for determining changes in exercise metabolism
-Lactate threshold: point of systematic rise in blood lactate during incremental exercise
Approximately, how long does it take to achieve steady state VO2? - ANSWER 1-4 min
-2.5 min
With very short burst training what adaptations do we see to the phosphagen system? -
ANSWER -efficiency may increase (still being debated)
-targets the specific muscles utilized during the event
-CrP-ATP efficiency increases
-enzyme efficiency can increase 10 - 25% with repeated 30 second bouts
-decreased acidosis and fatigue by a matching rate of buffering activity
-buffering capacity improved by 12 - 50% with anaerobic training
,***Explain how with glycolytic training, there is an increase in buffering capacity -
ANSWER -Buffering capacity gets better!!
-Blood buffers bicarbonate hco3-, muscle phosphates hpo4 2- combine with protons
(h+) to take them out of solution.
-Acidosis comes from phosphagen and glycolysis
-12-50 percent better buffering!
-We can delay fatigue for a little bit longer if we have a better buffering capacity
What are the causes of acidosis/H+ production? - ANSWER -ATP hydrolysis coupled with
glycolysis is the main source of proton (H+) production, resulting in decreased muscle
and blood pH
-Another cause is the release of protons from several reactions in glycolysis
-Caused by an imbalance between the rate of proton release and rate of buffering and
removal
What are the names of some buffers? What are they doing? - ANSWER -lactate, HCO3-
(bicarbonate), and HPO4 ^2-(muscle phosphates)
-help to delay acidosis, decrease fatigue, and improve performance
If the pH goes below 7 is the concentration more or less acidic? - ANSWER More acidic
So, is lactate really causing the acidosis? *** If not, what would this be? - ANSWER -no
-it's the buildup of protons in cytosol
, -lactate production is a bi-product of glycolysis during intense exercise
In class we broke down the sites of peripheral fatigue into 3 MAJOR areas. What are they
and explain how this may lead to fatigue? - ANSWER 1) Ach breakdown at the NMJ
2) H+ accumulation interfering with Ca2+ binding to troponin,
3) increases in H+ concentration (decrease in pH) interferes with ATPase activity.
What is the difference between an acute responses and a chronic adaptation to exercise?
- ANSWER -An acute response is a short term adaptation that occurs soon.
-A chronic adaptation to exercise is a physiological long term adaptation to exercise
Acute Response Example - ANSWER -Increased HR, blood pressure, energy substrate
requirements, ventilation
Chronic Adaptation example - ANSWER
What are the major types of muscle fibers discussed in class? - ANSWER -Type I
-Type IIa
-Type IIx
What type of muscle fiber type is recruited for endurance "aerobic" exercise? - ANSWER
High % Type I and low % Type II
ANSWERS 100% PASS
What is the ventilatory threshold? How is that different than lactate threshold? -
ANSWER -the point during incremental exercise at which ventilation increases
disproportionately compared with oxygen consumption.
-provides an alternative to blood sampling for detecting the onset of "anaerobic
threshold" or lactate threshold
-It can provide a noninvasive means for determining changes in exercise metabolism
-Lactate threshold: point of systematic rise in blood lactate during incremental exercise
Approximately, how long does it take to achieve steady state VO2? - ANSWER 1-4 min
-2.5 min
With very short burst training what adaptations do we see to the phosphagen system? -
ANSWER -efficiency may increase (still being debated)
-targets the specific muscles utilized during the event
-CrP-ATP efficiency increases
-enzyme efficiency can increase 10 - 25% with repeated 30 second bouts
-decreased acidosis and fatigue by a matching rate of buffering activity
-buffering capacity improved by 12 - 50% with anaerobic training
,***Explain how with glycolytic training, there is an increase in buffering capacity -
ANSWER -Buffering capacity gets better!!
-Blood buffers bicarbonate hco3-, muscle phosphates hpo4 2- combine with protons
(h+) to take them out of solution.
-Acidosis comes from phosphagen and glycolysis
-12-50 percent better buffering!
-We can delay fatigue for a little bit longer if we have a better buffering capacity
What are the causes of acidosis/H+ production? - ANSWER -ATP hydrolysis coupled with
glycolysis is the main source of proton (H+) production, resulting in decreased muscle
and blood pH
-Another cause is the release of protons from several reactions in glycolysis
-Caused by an imbalance between the rate of proton release and rate of buffering and
removal
What are the names of some buffers? What are they doing? - ANSWER -lactate, HCO3-
(bicarbonate), and HPO4 ^2-(muscle phosphates)
-help to delay acidosis, decrease fatigue, and improve performance
If the pH goes below 7 is the concentration more or less acidic? - ANSWER More acidic
So, is lactate really causing the acidosis? *** If not, what would this be? - ANSWER -no
-it's the buildup of protons in cytosol
, -lactate production is a bi-product of glycolysis during intense exercise
In class we broke down the sites of peripheral fatigue into 3 MAJOR areas. What are they
and explain how this may lead to fatigue? - ANSWER 1) Ach breakdown at the NMJ
2) H+ accumulation interfering with Ca2+ binding to troponin,
3) increases in H+ concentration (decrease in pH) interferes with ATPase activity.
What is the difference between an acute responses and a chronic adaptation to exercise?
- ANSWER -An acute response is a short term adaptation that occurs soon.
-A chronic adaptation to exercise is a physiological long term adaptation to exercise
Acute Response Example - ANSWER -Increased HR, blood pressure, energy substrate
requirements, ventilation
Chronic Adaptation example - ANSWER
What are the major types of muscle fibers discussed in class? - ANSWER -Type I
-Type IIa
-Type IIx
What type of muscle fiber type is recruited for endurance "aerobic" exercise? - ANSWER
High % Type I and low % Type II
