BIOD 102 MODULE 5 EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 2026
Pharmacology - ANSWERSThe study of how drugs can improve human health.
Pharmaceutics - ANSWERSThe science of pharmacy, that is, the discipline of
dispensing drugs by a pharmacist
Therapeutics - ANSWERSDiscipline of science that is concerned with the treatment of
disease and suffering
Pharmacotherapeutics - ANSWERSBranch of science that studies the use of
medication to treat or prevent disease
Drugs: Three Main Angents - ANSWERS1. Traditional drug therapies
2. Biologics
3. Natural alternative therapies
Traditional Drug Therapies - ANSWERSSynthetic substances manufactured in a
laboratory
Biologics - ANSWERSAgents that are produced naturally by the cells of animal, humans
or microorganisms. Ex. Vaccines, hormones, insulin
Natural alternative therapies - ANSWERSNaturally grown and harvested and may
include vitamins, herbs and various dietary supplements
4 phases of drug developement - ANSWERS1. Preclinical Investigation
2. Clinical investigation
3. Formal submission of a new drug application (NDA)with review
4. Post-marketing studies
Preclinical Phase - ANSWERS1-3 years
Cells are grown in culture, candidate drug is tested to look for potential harms
Animal testing, though less common, happens in this phase.
This test offers a basic analysis of which drugs should not be further tested becasue if
any potential harm to humans that is immediate and apparent.
Clinical investigation Phase - ANSWERS2-10 years to complete (avg 5)
, Important for identifying adverse side effects and the possibility that the drug under
evaluation may worsen other conditions.
Clinical trials occur during this phase
Clinical trials - ANSWERSRigorous time consuming experiments used to assess a
drug's safety and effectiveness
New Drug Approval (NDA) - ANSWERS2 months - 7 years
Clinal data from trials are examined. If the drug seems to have reasonable benefit, the
trial can continue into post-marketing studies. Scientists and practictioners are given a
chance to remediate concerns, and then the developement process can begin.
Post-Marketing Phase - ANSWERSBegins after the completion of clinical trials and an
NDA.
Covers expansive groups of people with diverse medical backgrounds.
Therapeutic Classification - ANSWERSRefers to how a drug affects a particular body
system.
Anticoagulants - interfere with clotting cascade
Anti inflammatory - reduce swelling
Therapeutic Usefulness - ANSWERSRefers to a particular ailment that a drug is
intended to treat
Antidiarrheal - ANSWERSTherapeutic usefulness - diarrhea
Antianxiety - ANSWERSTherapeutic usefulness - anxiety
Antacids - ANSWERSStomach acid (excess)
Antibiotics - ANSWERSMicroorganisms
Antifungal - ANSWERSFungal disease
Antidysrhythmic - ANSWERSAbnormal heartbeat
Pharmacologically classified - ANSWERSGroup drugs by how they may be applied to
achieve a desired response by addressing the mechanism of action of each drug.
Mechanism of Action - ANSWERSRefers to how a drug produces a desired effect within
the body.
Ex. Diuretics lower blood volume and act to reduce BP
This classification requires intensive knowledge of human biology and biochemistry and
is often used in coordination with therapeutic classification when a practitioner is
prescribing a therapy.
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 2026
Pharmacology - ANSWERSThe study of how drugs can improve human health.
Pharmaceutics - ANSWERSThe science of pharmacy, that is, the discipline of
dispensing drugs by a pharmacist
Therapeutics - ANSWERSDiscipline of science that is concerned with the treatment of
disease and suffering
Pharmacotherapeutics - ANSWERSBranch of science that studies the use of
medication to treat or prevent disease
Drugs: Three Main Angents - ANSWERS1. Traditional drug therapies
2. Biologics
3. Natural alternative therapies
Traditional Drug Therapies - ANSWERSSynthetic substances manufactured in a
laboratory
Biologics - ANSWERSAgents that are produced naturally by the cells of animal, humans
or microorganisms. Ex. Vaccines, hormones, insulin
Natural alternative therapies - ANSWERSNaturally grown and harvested and may
include vitamins, herbs and various dietary supplements
4 phases of drug developement - ANSWERS1. Preclinical Investigation
2. Clinical investigation
3. Formal submission of a new drug application (NDA)with review
4. Post-marketing studies
Preclinical Phase - ANSWERS1-3 years
Cells are grown in culture, candidate drug is tested to look for potential harms
Animal testing, though less common, happens in this phase.
This test offers a basic analysis of which drugs should not be further tested becasue if
any potential harm to humans that is immediate and apparent.
Clinical investigation Phase - ANSWERS2-10 years to complete (avg 5)
, Important for identifying adverse side effects and the possibility that the drug under
evaluation may worsen other conditions.
Clinical trials occur during this phase
Clinical trials - ANSWERSRigorous time consuming experiments used to assess a
drug's safety and effectiveness
New Drug Approval (NDA) - ANSWERS2 months - 7 years
Clinal data from trials are examined. If the drug seems to have reasonable benefit, the
trial can continue into post-marketing studies. Scientists and practictioners are given a
chance to remediate concerns, and then the developement process can begin.
Post-Marketing Phase - ANSWERSBegins after the completion of clinical trials and an
NDA.
Covers expansive groups of people with diverse medical backgrounds.
Therapeutic Classification - ANSWERSRefers to how a drug affects a particular body
system.
Anticoagulants - interfere with clotting cascade
Anti inflammatory - reduce swelling
Therapeutic Usefulness - ANSWERSRefers to a particular ailment that a drug is
intended to treat
Antidiarrheal - ANSWERSTherapeutic usefulness - diarrhea
Antianxiety - ANSWERSTherapeutic usefulness - anxiety
Antacids - ANSWERSStomach acid (excess)
Antibiotics - ANSWERSMicroorganisms
Antifungal - ANSWERSFungal disease
Antidysrhythmic - ANSWERSAbnormal heartbeat
Pharmacologically classified - ANSWERSGroup drugs by how they may be applied to
achieve a desired response by addressing the mechanism of action of each drug.
Mechanism of Action - ANSWERSRefers to how a drug produces a desired effect within
the body.
Ex. Diuretics lower blood volume and act to reduce BP
This classification requires intensive knowledge of human biology and biochemistry and
is often used in coordination with therapeutic classification when a practitioner is
prescribing a therapy.
