NURS 407
NURS 407 Final Exam Study Guide Graded A+ 2026
What are the functions of the circulatory system?
Transport and temperature regulation
What are the parts of the circulatory system?
Pulmonary, Systemic, and Coronary
What does pulmonary do?
Moves blood through the lungs and creates a link with gas exchange function of
the pulmonary system
What does systemic do?
Supplies the body tissues
What does coronary do?
Supplies the myocardium
What are the features of the circulatory system?
Heart as a pump
Arterial flow away (arterioles)
Capillaries
Veins (venules) flow toward the heart
What are the components of the pulmonary?
Right atrium & ventricle
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary capillaries
Pulmonary Veins
What are the components of the systemic?
Left Atrium & ventricles
Aorta and branches (arteries)
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Capillaries
Vena cava & branches
What are the components of the coronary?
Coronary sinuses
Coronary arteries
Capillaries
Cardiac Veins
What are the types of circulation?
central (coronary and pulmonary) and peripheral (systemic)
What are the functional anatomy of the heart
Pericardium, myocardium, endocardium, valves, and fibrous skeleton
Describe the cardiac cycle
P wave - SA node depol. = atrial contraction
QRS Complex - ventricular depol. = ventricular contraction and atrial relax
T wave - repol. Of ventricles
What is cardiac output?
amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute
SV x HR
What is preload?
The volume in ventricles at the end of disatole
What is afterload?
resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood
What is workload?
How hard your heart must pump to supply the body with the blood it needs
Specifically the amount for physical activity
What is ejection fraction?
NURS 407
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PERCENT of blood volume pushed out of the heart per beat
Like CO but is a PERCENT
What is the relationship between pressure and volume?
pressure is inversely proportional to volume
Where is the blood reservoirs?
Blood is stored largely in the systemic veins and venules
What is one benefit of the contractability of the pulmonary?
It can contract or expand to 50 - 200% of normal when needed by the body
What is hemodynamics?
The principles that govern circulatory blood flow
What affects resistance?
Viscosity and radius
How does viscosity work?
Thicker = increased resistance
Thinner = decreased resistance
How does radius work?
The larger the radius the more flow and less resistance
What is laminar flow?
Orderly flows, faster flow in center, peripheral layers slower to prevent clotting
factor from touching walls
What is turbulent flow?
Disorderly flow with vortex and swirling movement, brings cells and clotting
factors in contact with walls
What is Laplace's law?
Wall tension - force that opposes the pressure of fluid in a vessel
Increase vessel radius = increase wall tension
NURS 407
NURS 407 Final Exam Study Guide Graded A+ 2026
What are the functions of the circulatory system?
Transport and temperature regulation
What are the parts of the circulatory system?
Pulmonary, Systemic, and Coronary
What does pulmonary do?
Moves blood through the lungs and creates a link with gas exchange function of
the pulmonary system
What does systemic do?
Supplies the body tissues
What does coronary do?
Supplies the myocardium
What are the features of the circulatory system?
Heart as a pump
Arterial flow away (arterioles)
Capillaries
Veins (venules) flow toward the heart
What are the components of the pulmonary?
Right atrium & ventricle
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary capillaries
Pulmonary Veins
What are the components of the systemic?
Left Atrium & ventricles
Aorta and branches (arteries)
NURS 407
,NURS 407
Capillaries
Vena cava & branches
What are the components of the coronary?
Coronary sinuses
Coronary arteries
Capillaries
Cardiac Veins
What are the types of circulation?
central (coronary and pulmonary) and peripheral (systemic)
What are the functional anatomy of the heart
Pericardium, myocardium, endocardium, valves, and fibrous skeleton
Describe the cardiac cycle
P wave - SA node depol. = atrial contraction
QRS Complex - ventricular depol. = ventricular contraction and atrial relax
T wave - repol. Of ventricles
What is cardiac output?
amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute
SV x HR
What is preload?
The volume in ventricles at the end of disatole
What is afterload?
resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood
What is workload?
How hard your heart must pump to supply the body with the blood it needs
Specifically the amount for physical activity
What is ejection fraction?
NURS 407
, NURS 407
PERCENT of blood volume pushed out of the heart per beat
Like CO but is a PERCENT
What is the relationship between pressure and volume?
pressure is inversely proportional to volume
Where is the blood reservoirs?
Blood is stored largely in the systemic veins and venules
What is one benefit of the contractability of the pulmonary?
It can contract or expand to 50 - 200% of normal when needed by the body
What is hemodynamics?
The principles that govern circulatory blood flow
What affects resistance?
Viscosity and radius
How does viscosity work?
Thicker = increased resistance
Thinner = decreased resistance
How does radius work?
The larger the radius the more flow and less resistance
What is laminar flow?
Orderly flows, faster flow in center, peripheral layers slower to prevent clotting
factor from touching walls
What is turbulent flow?
Disorderly flow with vortex and swirling movement, brings cells and clotting
factors in contact with walls
What is Laplace's law?
Wall tension - force that opposes the pressure of fluid in a vessel
Increase vessel radius = increase wall tension
NURS 407
