WGU D115 PATHO, UNIT 4-
PULMONARY SYSTEM EXAM
QUESTIONS & ELABORATED
ANSWERS PASSED 100%
Alveoli - CORRECT ANSWER tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of
gases between air and blood
Functions of the pulmonary system - CORRECT ANSWER ventilate alveoil, diffuse
gases in and out of blood, perfuse the lungs so that the organs and tissues of the body
receive blood that is rich in O2 and low in CO2. (Through ventilation, diffusion and
perfusion)
Ventilation - CORRECT ANSWER Mechanical movement of air in and out of the lungs,
not the same as respiration's
Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER Exchange of O2 and CO2 during cellular
metabolism
pulmonary function tests (PFTs) - CORRECT ANSWER tests that measure the
ventilation mechanics of the lungs: airway function, lung volume, and the capacity of the
lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently
Types of pulmonary function tests - CORRECT ANSWER Simple spirometry
Pulmonary diffusing capacity
Residual volume
Oximetry
Capnography
Functional reserve capacity (FRC)
Total lung capacity
Arterial blood gas analysis
Thoracic imaging
hypercapnia - CORRECT ANSWER excessive carbon dioxide in arterial blood
hypoxemia - CORRECT ANSWER deficient amount of oxygen of arterial blood, alveoli
may be ventilated but not perfused
Kussmaul respirations - CORRECT ANSWER Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result
of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body.
, Cheyne-Stokes respiration - CORRECT ANSWER pattern of breathing characterized
by a gradual increase of depth and sometimes rate to a maximum level, followed by a
decrease, resulting in apnea
spirometry - CORRECT ANSWER Measures volume and flow of air inhaled and
exhaled, plotted against time during difficult breathing maneuvers, normal is 80% in 1
second
Aging and the Pulmonary System - CORRECT ANSWER Loss of elastic recoil
Stiffening of the chest wall
Alterations in gas exchange
Increases in flow resistance
Decreased exercise tolerance
Alveoli lose wall tissue and capillaries
Decrease PaO2 and ventilators reserve
pulmonary circulation - CORRECT ANSWER flow of blood from the heart to the lungs
and back to the heart
bronchial circulation - CORRECT ANSWER systemic circulation, delivers blood to and
from the bronchi and bronchioles
arterial blood gases (ABGs) analyze - CORRECT ANSWER pH 7.35-7.45
O2 96-98%
PCO2 35-45 mmHg
clubbing - CORRECT ANSWER bulbous enlargement of distal phalanges of fingers
and toes that occurs with chronic cyanotic heart and lung conditions, graded 1-5 based
in extent of nail hypertrophy
ventilation-perfusion mismatch - CORRECT ANSWER occurs in conditions during
which either the flow of oxygen is limited in the alveoli or the circulation through the
pulmonary capillary is compromised, most common cause of hypoxemia
peripheral cyanosis - CORRECT ANSWER cyanosis on the fingers and toes due to
cold exposure, anxiety, or inadequate circulation.
central cyanosis - CORRECT ANSWER bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous
membranes due to decreased arterial concentration of O2
Dyspnea - CORRECT ANSWER difficult or labored breathing
cyanosis - CORRECT ANSWER A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous
membranes.
PULMONARY SYSTEM EXAM
QUESTIONS & ELABORATED
ANSWERS PASSED 100%
Alveoli - CORRECT ANSWER tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of
gases between air and blood
Functions of the pulmonary system - CORRECT ANSWER ventilate alveoil, diffuse
gases in and out of blood, perfuse the lungs so that the organs and tissues of the body
receive blood that is rich in O2 and low in CO2. (Through ventilation, diffusion and
perfusion)
Ventilation - CORRECT ANSWER Mechanical movement of air in and out of the lungs,
not the same as respiration's
Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER Exchange of O2 and CO2 during cellular
metabolism
pulmonary function tests (PFTs) - CORRECT ANSWER tests that measure the
ventilation mechanics of the lungs: airway function, lung volume, and the capacity of the
lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently
Types of pulmonary function tests - CORRECT ANSWER Simple spirometry
Pulmonary diffusing capacity
Residual volume
Oximetry
Capnography
Functional reserve capacity (FRC)
Total lung capacity
Arterial blood gas analysis
Thoracic imaging
hypercapnia - CORRECT ANSWER excessive carbon dioxide in arterial blood
hypoxemia - CORRECT ANSWER deficient amount of oxygen of arterial blood, alveoli
may be ventilated but not perfused
Kussmaul respirations - CORRECT ANSWER Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result
of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body.
, Cheyne-Stokes respiration - CORRECT ANSWER pattern of breathing characterized
by a gradual increase of depth and sometimes rate to a maximum level, followed by a
decrease, resulting in apnea
spirometry - CORRECT ANSWER Measures volume and flow of air inhaled and
exhaled, plotted against time during difficult breathing maneuvers, normal is 80% in 1
second
Aging and the Pulmonary System - CORRECT ANSWER Loss of elastic recoil
Stiffening of the chest wall
Alterations in gas exchange
Increases in flow resistance
Decreased exercise tolerance
Alveoli lose wall tissue and capillaries
Decrease PaO2 and ventilators reserve
pulmonary circulation - CORRECT ANSWER flow of blood from the heart to the lungs
and back to the heart
bronchial circulation - CORRECT ANSWER systemic circulation, delivers blood to and
from the bronchi and bronchioles
arterial blood gases (ABGs) analyze - CORRECT ANSWER pH 7.35-7.45
O2 96-98%
PCO2 35-45 mmHg
clubbing - CORRECT ANSWER bulbous enlargement of distal phalanges of fingers
and toes that occurs with chronic cyanotic heart and lung conditions, graded 1-5 based
in extent of nail hypertrophy
ventilation-perfusion mismatch - CORRECT ANSWER occurs in conditions during
which either the flow of oxygen is limited in the alveoli or the circulation through the
pulmonary capillary is compromised, most common cause of hypoxemia
peripheral cyanosis - CORRECT ANSWER cyanosis on the fingers and toes due to
cold exposure, anxiety, or inadequate circulation.
central cyanosis - CORRECT ANSWER bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous
membranes due to decreased arterial concentration of O2
Dyspnea - CORRECT ANSWER difficult or labored breathing
cyanosis - CORRECT ANSWER A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous
membranes.
