COSC 275 FINAL EXAM PALMER 2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Estimating - correct answer -The process of determining the anticipated cost of
materials, labor, and equipment of a proposed project.
Take-off - correct answer -The process in which detailed lists are compiled,
based on drawings and specifications, of all the material and equipment
necessary to construct a project. The cost estimator uses this list to calculate
how much it will cost to build the project.
Quantities - correct answer -Measured amounts of construction items expressed
in their customary units.
Quantification - correct answer -In estimating an activity to translate
project scope information into resource quantities suitable for
Quantity survey - correct answer -A detailed analysis of material and equipment
required to construct a project.
,Area - correct answer -A measurement of a given planar region or of the
surface of a solid.
Area method - correct answer -A construction cost estimating system
employing unit square foot costs multiplied by the adjusted gross floor area of
a building.
Length - correct answer -The longest dimension of an object.
Linear measurement - correct answer -A unit or system of units for measuring
length: 12" = 1', 3' = 1 yard, 1 yard
= 0.9144 meters, 1 mile = 5,280 feet.
Dimension - correct answer -A distance between two points, lines, or planes.
Specifications - correct answer -Documents that define the qualitative
requirements for products, materials, and workmanship upon which the contract
for construction is based.
Drawings - correct answer -Graphic illustrations depicting the dimensions,
design, and location of a project. Generally including plans, elevations, details,
diagrams, schedules, and sections.
, Addendum - correct answer -A document describing an addition, change,
correction, or modification to contract documents. An addendum is issued by
the design professional during the bidding period or prior to the award of
contract, and is the primary method of informing bidders of modifications to
the work during the bidding process. Addenda become part of the contract
documents.
Amendment - correct answer -A modification of the contract by a subsequent
agreement. This does not change the entire existing contract but does alter the
terms of the affected provisions or requirements.
Grade - correct answer -The surface or level of the ground.
Level - correct answer -A term used to describe any horizontal surface that
has all points at the same elevation and thus does not tilt or slope.
Site - correct answer -The location of a project geographically, usually defined
by legal boundaries.
Elevation - correct answer -A vertical distance relative to a reference point.
Cut and fill - correct answer -An operation commonly used in road building and
other rock and earth-moving operations in which the material excavated and
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Estimating - correct answer -The process of determining the anticipated cost of
materials, labor, and equipment of a proposed project.
Take-off - correct answer -The process in which detailed lists are compiled,
based on drawings and specifications, of all the material and equipment
necessary to construct a project. The cost estimator uses this list to calculate
how much it will cost to build the project.
Quantities - correct answer -Measured amounts of construction items expressed
in their customary units.
Quantification - correct answer -In estimating an activity to translate
project scope information into resource quantities suitable for
Quantity survey - correct answer -A detailed analysis of material and equipment
required to construct a project.
,Area - correct answer -A measurement of a given planar region or of the
surface of a solid.
Area method - correct answer -A construction cost estimating system
employing unit square foot costs multiplied by the adjusted gross floor area of
a building.
Length - correct answer -The longest dimension of an object.
Linear measurement - correct answer -A unit or system of units for measuring
length: 12" = 1', 3' = 1 yard, 1 yard
= 0.9144 meters, 1 mile = 5,280 feet.
Dimension - correct answer -A distance between two points, lines, or planes.
Specifications - correct answer -Documents that define the qualitative
requirements for products, materials, and workmanship upon which the contract
for construction is based.
Drawings - correct answer -Graphic illustrations depicting the dimensions,
design, and location of a project. Generally including plans, elevations, details,
diagrams, schedules, and sections.
, Addendum - correct answer -A document describing an addition, change,
correction, or modification to contract documents. An addendum is issued by
the design professional during the bidding period or prior to the award of
contract, and is the primary method of informing bidders of modifications to
the work during the bidding process. Addenda become part of the contract
documents.
Amendment - correct answer -A modification of the contract by a subsequent
agreement. This does not change the entire existing contract but does alter the
terms of the affected provisions or requirements.
Grade - correct answer -The surface or level of the ground.
Level - correct answer -A term used to describe any horizontal surface that
has all points at the same elevation and thus does not tilt or slope.
Site - correct answer -The location of a project geographically, usually defined
by legal boundaries.
Elevation - correct answer -A vertical distance relative to a reference point.
Cut and fill - correct answer -An operation commonly used in road building and
other rock and earth-moving operations in which the material excavated and
