Unit 1 Chapter 1 Cellular Biology Final
Exam and All Correct Answers 2025-
2026 Updated.
What are the 8 major cellular functions?
(2M, 2R, 2C, an E and an S) - Answer Movement
Metabolic Absorption
Conductivity
Communication
Respiration
Reproduction
Excretion
Secretion
Movement example? - Answer Muscle cells can generate forces that produce motion
EG skeletal and smooth muscle - the contraction of smooth muscle cells surrounding blood
vessels changes the diameter of the vessel - contraction of muscles in the bladder when the
urge to go to the toilet happens.
Metabolic Absorption example? - Answer Cells take in and use nutrients. Cells of the kidney
and intestine are specialized to carry out absorption.
EG Kidney tubules reabsorb fluids and synthesize proteins. Intestinal epithelial cells reabsorb
fluids and synthesize protein enzymes.
Communication example? - Answer Critical for cell function and survival. Pancreatic cells
secrete and release insulin to tell muscle cells to take up sugar from the blood for energy.
Constant communication allows the maintenance of homeostasis.
Conductivity example? - Answer A response to a stimulus is manifested by a wave of
excitation, an electrical potential that passes along the surface of the cell to reach its other
parts.
The chief function of nerve cells.
Respiration example? - Answer Cells absorb oxygen which is used to transform nutrients into
energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Cellular respiration or oxidation occurs in organelles called mitochondria.
, Reproduction example? - Answer Tissue growth occurs as cells enlarge and reproduce
themselves. Tissues require maintenance where new cells are produced to replace cells that are
lost normally through cellular death (apoptosis)
Excretion example? - Answer All cells rid themselves of waste products resulting in metabolic
breakdown of nutrients.
EG Lysosomes within cells contain enzymes that break down or digest large molecules turning
them into waste & releasing them from the cell.
Secretion example? - Answer Certain cells (mucous gland cells) can synthesize new
substances from substances they absorb and then secrete new substances to serve as needed
elsewhere.
EG. Adrenal Glands, testis, ovaries, secrete hormonal steroids.
Identify and describe the three parts of a typical eukaryotic cell - Answer Nucleus
Cytoplasm (incl. ribosomes)
Organelles-membrane bound intracellular compartments.
(ex. animals, plants, fungi)
What are the distinct characteristics of prokaryotic cells? - Answer 1. Lack a distinct nucleus
2. One single circular chromosome
3. No histones or organelles.
(ex. bacteria)
Nucleus - Answer Largest organelle that controls cell activity and stores DNA which carries
genetic material and is responsible for cellular reproduction or division
An aqueous mass that is surrounded by the cell membrane and surrounds nucleus? - Answer
Cytoplasm
(containing water, electrolytes, proteins, neutral fats, glycogen, and pigment.)
An aqueous solution that makes up approx. half the cell volume? - Answer Cytosol
Synthesize proteins and metabolize fat cells within the cell? - Answer Ribosomes
(Newly formed ribosomes synthesize a "recognition sequence" or signal like an address on a
letter.)
Exam and All Correct Answers 2025-
2026 Updated.
What are the 8 major cellular functions?
(2M, 2R, 2C, an E and an S) - Answer Movement
Metabolic Absorption
Conductivity
Communication
Respiration
Reproduction
Excretion
Secretion
Movement example? - Answer Muscle cells can generate forces that produce motion
EG skeletal and smooth muscle - the contraction of smooth muscle cells surrounding blood
vessels changes the diameter of the vessel - contraction of muscles in the bladder when the
urge to go to the toilet happens.
Metabolic Absorption example? - Answer Cells take in and use nutrients. Cells of the kidney
and intestine are specialized to carry out absorption.
EG Kidney tubules reabsorb fluids and synthesize proteins. Intestinal epithelial cells reabsorb
fluids and synthesize protein enzymes.
Communication example? - Answer Critical for cell function and survival. Pancreatic cells
secrete and release insulin to tell muscle cells to take up sugar from the blood for energy.
Constant communication allows the maintenance of homeostasis.
Conductivity example? - Answer A response to a stimulus is manifested by a wave of
excitation, an electrical potential that passes along the surface of the cell to reach its other
parts.
The chief function of nerve cells.
Respiration example? - Answer Cells absorb oxygen which is used to transform nutrients into
energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Cellular respiration or oxidation occurs in organelles called mitochondria.
, Reproduction example? - Answer Tissue growth occurs as cells enlarge and reproduce
themselves. Tissues require maintenance where new cells are produced to replace cells that are
lost normally through cellular death (apoptosis)
Excretion example? - Answer All cells rid themselves of waste products resulting in metabolic
breakdown of nutrients.
EG Lysosomes within cells contain enzymes that break down or digest large molecules turning
them into waste & releasing them from the cell.
Secretion example? - Answer Certain cells (mucous gland cells) can synthesize new
substances from substances they absorb and then secrete new substances to serve as needed
elsewhere.
EG. Adrenal Glands, testis, ovaries, secrete hormonal steroids.
Identify and describe the three parts of a typical eukaryotic cell - Answer Nucleus
Cytoplasm (incl. ribosomes)
Organelles-membrane bound intracellular compartments.
(ex. animals, plants, fungi)
What are the distinct characteristics of prokaryotic cells? - Answer 1. Lack a distinct nucleus
2. One single circular chromosome
3. No histones or organelles.
(ex. bacteria)
Nucleus - Answer Largest organelle that controls cell activity and stores DNA which carries
genetic material and is responsible for cellular reproduction or division
An aqueous mass that is surrounded by the cell membrane and surrounds nucleus? - Answer
Cytoplasm
(containing water, electrolytes, proteins, neutral fats, glycogen, and pigment.)
An aqueous solution that makes up approx. half the cell volume? - Answer Cytosol
Synthesize proteins and metabolize fat cells within the cell? - Answer Ribosomes
(Newly formed ribosomes synthesize a "recognition sequence" or signal like an address on a
letter.)
