1
NR 324 Exam 1 Questions and
Answers (100% Correct Answers)
Already Graded A+
What is wrong with the body during DKA? Ans: It is too acidic
Do people with COPD and other chronic respiratory illnesses
hyper or hypoventilate? Ans: HYPOventilate
© 2026 Assignment
What organs are the two regulators of acid in our body? Ans:
Lungs and kidneys
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Expert
When will a patient display Kussmaul breathing in relation to
acid-base balance? Ans: During acidosis /
Normal pH range of blood Ans: 7.35-7.45
normal PaCo2 Ans: 35-45 mm Hg
PaO2 normal levels Ans: 80-100
Normal HCO3 levels Ans: 22-26mEq/L
Ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in a healthy state Ans:
1:20
Three regulatory mechanisms of acid-base regulation Ans:
Buffer system
respiratory system
renal system
, 2
Which regulatory system responds immediately? Ans: The
buffer system. It is your natural neutral reaction process
Which system responds in minutes and reaches its maximum
effort within hours? Ans: Respiratory system
Which regulatory system takes 2-3 days to respond? Ans:
Renal system
What type of acid-base imbalance would someone who took
© 2026 Assignment
too much Aspirin have? Ans: Respiratory acidosis
Why is a brown bag helpful for someone with respiratory
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alkalosis to breathe into? Ans: Because they can help return
Expert
the CO2 back to their body that they lost from
hyperventilating
What type of meds are useful for someone in Respiratory
alkalosis? Ans: Minor tranquilizers and anti-anxiety meds such
as Ativan because they are hyperventilating and need help
relaxing
What are two common causes for metabolic acidosis? Ans:
Aspirin overdose and prolonged diarrhea
Common cause for metabolic alkalosis: Ans: prolonged
vomiting or gastric suction ---you are eliminating acid from the
body for a prolonged period of time.
The kidneys compensate by dumping...lungs hypoventilate to
keep CO2
When you auscultate cardiac sounds what are you hearing?
Ans: The valves opening and shutting
, 3
What is the major purpose of the cardiac system? Ans: to
supply the body with oxygenated blood
Ejection fraction Ans: the amount of blood ejected per
minutes. It is >65mL per minute. You need an effective cardiac
output and ejection fraction to ensure the hear is working well.
If cardiac output is insufficient, what does this mean? Ans:
you do not have enough o2 in your body
© 2026 Assignment
what are the three layers of the heart Ans: epicardium- outer
layer ,myocardium-middle layer, endocardium-inner layer
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why is the left ventricle thicker? Ans: because it does most of
Expert
the pumping of blood to the body. It is 2-3x thicker than the R
ventricle.
What artery supplies the heart's oxygen and nutrients? Ans:
The coronary artery (right and left)
What happens when blood flow to a coronary artery is
obstructed? Ans: Angina
Complete occlusion of coronary artery lead to ... Ans: heart
attack/ myocardial infarction
partial occlusion of coronary artery Ans: angina
SA node Ans: where all the elecrtical activity in the heart
starts. Primary pacemaker
what is the direction of electric flow to heart? Ans: SA node--
>AV node---->bundle of His---->purkinje fibers
NR 324 Exam 1 Questions and
Answers (100% Correct Answers)
Already Graded A+
What is wrong with the body during DKA? Ans: It is too acidic
Do people with COPD and other chronic respiratory illnesses
hyper or hypoventilate? Ans: HYPOventilate
© 2026 Assignment
What organs are the two regulators of acid in our body? Ans:
Lungs and kidneys
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
When will a patient display Kussmaul breathing in relation to
acid-base balance? Ans: During acidosis /
Normal pH range of blood Ans: 7.35-7.45
normal PaCo2 Ans: 35-45 mm Hg
PaO2 normal levels Ans: 80-100
Normal HCO3 levels Ans: 22-26mEq/L
Ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in a healthy state Ans:
1:20
Three regulatory mechanisms of acid-base regulation Ans:
Buffer system
respiratory system
renal system
, 2
Which regulatory system responds immediately? Ans: The
buffer system. It is your natural neutral reaction process
Which system responds in minutes and reaches its maximum
effort within hours? Ans: Respiratory system
Which regulatory system takes 2-3 days to respond? Ans:
Renal system
What type of acid-base imbalance would someone who took
© 2026 Assignment
too much Aspirin have? Ans: Respiratory acidosis
Why is a brown bag helpful for someone with respiratory
Guru01 - Stuvia
alkalosis to breathe into? Ans: Because they can help return
Expert
the CO2 back to their body that they lost from
hyperventilating
What type of meds are useful for someone in Respiratory
alkalosis? Ans: Minor tranquilizers and anti-anxiety meds such
as Ativan because they are hyperventilating and need help
relaxing
What are two common causes for metabolic acidosis? Ans:
Aspirin overdose and prolonged diarrhea
Common cause for metabolic alkalosis: Ans: prolonged
vomiting or gastric suction ---you are eliminating acid from the
body for a prolonged period of time.
The kidneys compensate by dumping...lungs hypoventilate to
keep CO2
When you auscultate cardiac sounds what are you hearing?
Ans: The valves opening and shutting
, 3
What is the major purpose of the cardiac system? Ans: to
supply the body with oxygenated blood
Ejection fraction Ans: the amount of blood ejected per
minutes. It is >65mL per minute. You need an effective cardiac
output and ejection fraction to ensure the hear is working well.
If cardiac output is insufficient, what does this mean? Ans:
you do not have enough o2 in your body
© 2026 Assignment
what are the three layers of the heart Ans: epicardium- outer
layer ,myocardium-middle layer, endocardium-inner layer
Guru01 - Stuvia
why is the left ventricle thicker? Ans: because it does most of
Expert
the pumping of blood to the body. It is 2-3x thicker than the R
ventricle.
What artery supplies the heart's oxygen and nutrients? Ans:
The coronary artery (right and left)
What happens when blood flow to a coronary artery is
obstructed? Ans: Angina
Complete occlusion of coronary artery lead to ... Ans: heart
attack/ myocardial infarction
partial occlusion of coronary artery Ans: angina
SA node Ans: where all the elecrtical activity in the heart
starts. Primary pacemaker
what is the direction of electric flow to heart? Ans: SA node--
>AV node---->bundle of His---->purkinje fibers
