,
, Test Bank +i
to accompany
+i
Animal Behavior, Twelfth Edition +i +i +i
John Alcock, Linda Green, Paul Nolan, Stefanie Siller, and Dustin Rubenstein
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Animal Behavior +i +i +i +i +i +i
Multiple Choice Questions +i +i
1. ―If female lizards with reddish throats produce more eggs than females with orangish throats
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
, then the reddish throat is an evolved adaptation.‖ This statement
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
a. is true, because this species has variation, a critical requirement for the evolution o
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
f adaptations by natural selection.
+i +i +i +i
b. is false, because females with orangish throats could still have more offspring that live t
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
o reproduce than females with reddish throats.
+i +i +i +i +i +i
c. is false, because there is no guarantee that females with reddish throats are the best for th
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
e long-term preservation of this species.
+i +i +i +i +i
d. could be true or false, because we cannot tell without knowing whether reddish female
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
s outnumber orangish females in this species.
+i +i +i +i +i +i
Answer: b +i
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change throu
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
gh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding +i +i +i
2. The statement ―Lemmings disperse from areas of high population density because they
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
inherited this ability from a lemming-like ancestor in the past‖ is a hypothesis about
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
a. evolved function. +i
b. genetics and development. +i +i
c. evolutionary history. +i
d. adaptive value. +i
Answer: c +i
Learning Objective: 1.1.3 Consider how proximate and ultimate levels of analysis can be used to pro
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
vide an integrative understanding of the development, mechanism, adaptive value, and evolutionary
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +
history of a behavior.
i +i +i +i
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding +i +i +i
3. The infanticide hypothesis, which posits that infanticide is a reproduction-
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
enhancing tactic practiced by males, is called a hypothesis because it
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
a. can be proven. +i +i
b. is an explanation based on limited evidence that can be tested.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
c. is mutually exclusive to any other potential explanations.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i
d. is a basic principle that can be applied widely.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
Answer: b
+i +i
, Learning Objective: 1.1.2 Review how researchers use the scientific method to test hypotheses
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
and predictions related to a potentially adaptive behavior in order to consider its fitness costs an
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
d benefits, evaluate its adaptive value, and identify why it evolved.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding +i +i +i
4. In order for Darwinian natural selection to cause evolutionary change, a population mus
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
t contain individuals that differ hereditarily in some characteristic because
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
a. in a population without this kind of variation, the species is doomed to extinction.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
b. when all individuals have the same genes, then all individuals are exactly alike in all respects.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
c. uniform populations are evolutionary dead ends. +i +i +i +i +i
d. unless there is variation of this sort, parents cannot pass on their advantageous attributes t
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
o their offspring.
+i +i
Answer: d +i
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change throu
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
gh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding +i +i +i
5. We observe variation in a population of lizard with respect to how fast individuals can run.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
We attempt to select for the ability to run slowly, not quickly. After six generations of selectiv
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
e breeding of only the slowest with the slowest, the mean running speed of the lizards has not
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +
changed. What is the appropriate scientific conclusion based on this work?
i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
a. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population ha
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
s remained unchanged.
+i +i
b. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population ha
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
s increased.
+i
c. The differences between the lizards in running speed in the original population were no
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
t caused by genetic differences among them.
+i +i +i +i +i +i
d. The results are invalid because the researchers failed to maintain enough variation in runnin
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
g speed in their selected lineage, so evolutionary change was impossible.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
Answer: c +i
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change throu
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
gh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
Bloom‘s Level: 3. Applying +i +i +i
6. We observe a frog that carries its babies on its back away from where the eggs hatched. Her
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
e are two questions about this observation:
+i +i +i +i +i +i
X. Does the frog do this to move the babies to a place where they will be safer and more likely to su
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
rvive?
Y. Does the frog have specific morphological traits that enable it to hold and transfer its babies in
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
this way?
+i +i
Which of the two is a proximate question?
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i
a. X, because it considers the adaptive value or function of the trait
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
b. Y, because it asks about the developmental mechanisms that influence the components of th
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
e animal
+i
, Test Bank +i
to accompany
+i
Animal Behavior, Twelfth Edition +i +i +i
John Alcock, Linda Green, Paul Nolan, Stefanie Siller, and Dustin Rubenstein
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Animal Behavior +i +i +i +i +i +i
Multiple Choice Questions +i +i
1. ―If female lizards with reddish throats produce more eggs than females with orangish throats
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
, then the reddish throat is an evolved adaptation.‖ This statement
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
a. is true, because this species has variation, a critical requirement for the evolution o
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
f adaptations by natural selection.
+i +i +i +i
b. is false, because females with orangish throats could still have more offspring that live t
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
o reproduce than females with reddish throats.
+i +i +i +i +i +i
c. is false, because there is no guarantee that females with reddish throats are the best for th
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
e long-term preservation of this species.
+i +i +i +i +i
d. could be true or false, because we cannot tell without knowing whether reddish female
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
s outnumber orangish females in this species.
+i +i +i +i +i +i
Answer: b +i
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change throu
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
gh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding +i +i +i
2. The statement ―Lemmings disperse from areas of high population density because they
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
inherited this ability from a lemming-like ancestor in the past‖ is a hypothesis about
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
a. evolved function. +i
b. genetics and development. +i +i
c. evolutionary history. +i
d. adaptive value. +i
Answer: c +i
Learning Objective: 1.1.3 Consider how proximate and ultimate levels of analysis can be used to pro
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
vide an integrative understanding of the development, mechanism, adaptive value, and evolutionary
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +
history of a behavior.
i +i +i +i
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding +i +i +i
3. The infanticide hypothesis, which posits that infanticide is a reproduction-
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
enhancing tactic practiced by males, is called a hypothesis because it
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
a. can be proven. +i +i
b. is an explanation based on limited evidence that can be tested.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
c. is mutually exclusive to any other potential explanations.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i
d. is a basic principle that can be applied widely.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
Answer: b
+i +i
, Learning Objective: 1.1.2 Review how researchers use the scientific method to test hypotheses
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
and predictions related to a potentially adaptive behavior in order to consider its fitness costs an
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
d benefits, evaluate its adaptive value, and identify why it evolved.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding +i +i +i
4. In order for Darwinian natural selection to cause evolutionary change, a population mus
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
t contain individuals that differ hereditarily in some characteristic because
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
a. in a population without this kind of variation, the species is doomed to extinction.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
b. when all individuals have the same genes, then all individuals are exactly alike in all respects.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
c. uniform populations are evolutionary dead ends. +i +i +i +i +i
d. unless there is variation of this sort, parents cannot pass on their advantageous attributes t
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
o their offspring.
+i +i
Answer: d +i
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change throu
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
gh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding +i +i +i
5. We observe variation in a population of lizard with respect to how fast individuals can run.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
We attempt to select for the ability to run slowly, not quickly. After six generations of selectiv
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
e breeding of only the slowest with the slowest, the mean running speed of the lizards has not
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +
changed. What is the appropriate scientific conclusion based on this work?
i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
a. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population ha
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
s remained unchanged.
+i +i
b. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population ha
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
s increased.
+i
c. The differences between the lizards in running speed in the original population were no
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
t caused by genetic differences among them.
+i +i +i +i +i +i
d. The results are invalid because the researchers failed to maintain enough variation in runnin
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
g speed in their selected lineage, so evolutionary change was impossible.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
Answer: c +i
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change throu
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
gh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
Bloom‘s Level: 3. Applying +i +i +i
6. We observe a frog that carries its babies on its back away from where the eggs hatched. Her
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
e are two questions about this observation:
+i +i +i +i +i +i
X. Does the frog do this to move the babies to a place where they will be safer and more likely to su
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
rvive?
Y. Does the frog have specific morphological traits that enable it to hold and transfer its babies in
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
this way?
+i +i
Which of the two is a proximate question?
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i
a. X, because it considers the adaptive value or function of the trait
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
b. Y, because it asks about the developmental mechanisms that influence the components of th
+i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i +i
e animal
+i
