MASTERING IT FUNDAMENTALS – EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (2025 UPDATE).

MASTERING IT FUNDAMENTALS – EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (2025 UPDATE). 1.Information Technology (IT) computer and communication technologies, such as communication links to the internet, that provide help and understanding to the end user. 2.Information System a collection of hardware, software, people, data, and procedures that work together to provide information essential to running an organization. 3.What is the difference between "data" and "information"? Data is the raw, unprocessed facts, including texts, numbers, images, and sounds. Information is the processed facts. 4.What are the six parts of an information system? People, Procedures, Software, Hardware, Data, and Networking/Connectivity (Internet) 5.People end users who use computers to make themselves more productive. 6.Procedures rules or guidelines for computer operations 7.Software provides step-by-step instructions for computer hardware (another name for program) 8.Hardware the equipment that processes the data to create information (controlled by software) 9.Data the raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds 10.Networking/Connectivity (Internet) allows computers to connect to people and other computers. Greatly expands the capability and usefulness of information systems. 11.What are the four physical components of a computer? System Unit, Input/Output, Secondary Storage, Communication 12.What are the four types of computers described by the text? Supercomputers, Mainframe computers, Midrange computers, and Personal computers 13.What are some examples of Microcomputers? desktop computer, laptop computer, PC 14.System Software enables application software to interact with the computer hardware. It is "background" software that helps the computer manage its own internal resources. 15.Application Software (end user software) Three types include: General-purpose apps, specialized apps, mobile apps 16.What is an Operating System? program that coordinates computer resources, provides an interface between users and the computer, and runs applications. (Windows 8, Mac OS X) 17.General-Purpose Applications They are the kinds of programs you have to know to be considered an efficient and effective end user. (Browsers, word processors, spreadsheets) 18.Specialized Applications They include thousands of other programs that are more narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations (graphics and web authoring programs). 19.Mobile Applications They are small programs primarily designed for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets (social networking, games, downloading music). 20.What are the four types of data described in the text? Document files, Worksheet files, Database files, and Presentation files. 21.What is networking? to connect and operate with a network (connecting with people). 22.Cloud Computing Data stored at a server on the internet and available anywhere the internet can be accessed. 23.What are procedures? Why are they important? They are the rules/guidelines for people to following when using software, hardware, and data. 24.How did the Internet begin? it was launched in 1969 when the US funded a project that developed a national computer network called Advanced Research Project Agency Network (ARPANET). 25.What is an ISP? Internet Service Provider. Common ways to access ISPs include: DSL, cable, and wireless modems. 26.What is a URL? A Uniform Resource Locator (two parts: "protocols" and "domain name"). 27.What is an IP Address? Internet Protocol Address is a unique string of numbers separated by periods that identifies each computer using the Internet Protocol to communicate over a network. 28.What is the DNS? The Domain Name Servers are the internet's equivalent to a phone book. They maintain a directory of domain names and translate them to IP addresses. 29.What is HTML? Hypertext Markup Language 30.What is a search engine? search engines are specialized programs that assist you in locating information on the web and the internet 31.What is HTTP? Hypertext Transfer Protocol 32.What is SEO? Search Engine Optimization is a methodology of strategies used to increase the amount of visitors to a website by obtaining a high-ranking placement in the search results page of a search engine. 33.What are the basic components of cloud computing? Clients, the Internet, and Service Providers 34.What is the purpose of System Software? It works with end users, application software, and computer hardware to handle the majority of technical details. 35.What are the four types of system software? Operating Systems, Utilities, Device Drivers, Language Translators 36.Operating Systems coordinate computer resources, provide an interface between users and the computer, and run applications. 37.Utilities perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources. 38.Device Drivers specialized programs that allow particular input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system. 39.Language Translators convert the programming instructions written by programmers into a language that computers understand and process. 40.What are the 3 categories of operating systems? Embedded operating systems, Network operating systems (NOS), and Stand-alone operating systems 41.LINUX Linux is an operating system that extended one of the UNIX versions 42.Virtualization a process that allows a single physical computer to support multiple operating systems that operate independently 43.What are some utility functions of operating systems? Troubleshooting, Antivirus, Backup, File Compression 44.Mobile OS Mobile operating systems are a type of embedded operating system (Android, iOS) 45.System Board (Motherboard) controls communications for the entire computer system 46.CPU Central Processing Unit is the part of the computer that holds data and program instructions for processing the data. 47.What are the two components of the CPU? Control Unit and Arithmetic-Logic Unit 48.RAM Random-Access Memory 49.ROM Read-Only Memory