Soc 345-Final Review Exam Study Set With
Complete Solutions
Fertility - ANSWER Childbearing performance of individuals, couples or groups as
indicated by the frequency with which birth occurs in a population
Infertility - ANSWER Inability to produce a live birth
Parity - ANSWER Number of children born alive to a woman
Fecundity - ANSWER Biological capacity of a man, woman, or a couple to produce a live
birth
General Fertility Rate - ANSWER number of live births per 1000 women aged 15-44 in a
given year, sometimes called fertility rate
Crude Birth Rate - ANSWER Number of live births per 1000 total population in a given
year, sometimes known as birth rate
Total Fertility Rate - ANSWER average number of children that would be born alive to a
group of women during their lifetime if they were to pass through all their childbearing
years conforming to the age specific fertility rates in a given year
,Gross reproduction rate - ANSWER Average number of daughters that would be born to
a set of women during their lifetimes if they passed through their childbearing years
conforming to the age-specific fertility rates of a given year, like the total fertility rate but
not including sons
Replacement level fertility for LDR's - ANSWER 2.8 or 2.5 not sure which, due to higher
mortality
Replacement level fertility for MDR's - ANSWER 2.1
Worldwide TFR (total fertility rate) - ANSWER 2.5
Fertility linked to child survival - ANSWER (Age at marriage) Best when married 18 or
older, between 18-34. Higher risk of complications and death at younger and older ages
(Birth-spacing) Best if wait 24 months to become pregnant again (3 year interval),
reduces risk of mortality and complications, lowers risk of low birth weight, healthier for
previous and succeeding birth
(Nutrition) Prenatal care (well nourished mother), birth to age 2 nutritional investment
critical to brain development, breastfeeding (nutritional concerns if a woman is
breastfeeding and pregnant)
Natural fertility - ANSWER Type of fertility pattern that emerges when people do not
change the behaviors that underlie fertility based on how many children they have
No planned effort made to space or limit children
, Controlled fertility - ANSWER Type of fertility pattern that emerges when people do
change the behaviors that underlie fertility based on how many children they have
Family planning measures to limit or space number of children
Relationship between family planning and maternal mortality - ANSWER The more
controlled fertility is, the lower maternal mortality is
Adolescent motherhood - consequences - ANSWER Leads to higher fertility, higher
infant and mortality rates, greater likelihood of fistulas and disabilities
Teen mothers: are more likely to be anemic, less likely to seek prenatal care, at greater
risk for complications in childbirth, greater risk of premature and low weight babies, drop
out of school
Girl Rising: #1 cause of death girls 15 to 19 - ANSWER chlidbirth
Bongaarts: proximate determinants of fertility - ANSWER lactation, abortion, marriage,
contraception
Davis and Blake missed breastfeeding entirely
Bongaarts attempted to quantify the intermediate variables, which he re-named
proximate determinants, by proposing specific measures and using them to predict the
TFR, using data
proportions of women married or in sexual union (as proxy of % of women exposed to
sexual intercourse)
contraceptive use and effectiveness
Complete Solutions
Fertility - ANSWER Childbearing performance of individuals, couples or groups as
indicated by the frequency with which birth occurs in a population
Infertility - ANSWER Inability to produce a live birth
Parity - ANSWER Number of children born alive to a woman
Fecundity - ANSWER Biological capacity of a man, woman, or a couple to produce a live
birth
General Fertility Rate - ANSWER number of live births per 1000 women aged 15-44 in a
given year, sometimes called fertility rate
Crude Birth Rate - ANSWER Number of live births per 1000 total population in a given
year, sometimes known as birth rate
Total Fertility Rate - ANSWER average number of children that would be born alive to a
group of women during their lifetime if they were to pass through all their childbearing
years conforming to the age specific fertility rates in a given year
,Gross reproduction rate - ANSWER Average number of daughters that would be born to
a set of women during their lifetimes if they passed through their childbearing years
conforming to the age-specific fertility rates of a given year, like the total fertility rate but
not including sons
Replacement level fertility for LDR's - ANSWER 2.8 or 2.5 not sure which, due to higher
mortality
Replacement level fertility for MDR's - ANSWER 2.1
Worldwide TFR (total fertility rate) - ANSWER 2.5
Fertility linked to child survival - ANSWER (Age at marriage) Best when married 18 or
older, between 18-34. Higher risk of complications and death at younger and older ages
(Birth-spacing) Best if wait 24 months to become pregnant again (3 year interval),
reduces risk of mortality and complications, lowers risk of low birth weight, healthier for
previous and succeeding birth
(Nutrition) Prenatal care (well nourished mother), birth to age 2 nutritional investment
critical to brain development, breastfeeding (nutritional concerns if a woman is
breastfeeding and pregnant)
Natural fertility - ANSWER Type of fertility pattern that emerges when people do not
change the behaviors that underlie fertility based on how many children they have
No planned effort made to space or limit children
, Controlled fertility - ANSWER Type of fertility pattern that emerges when people do
change the behaviors that underlie fertility based on how many children they have
Family planning measures to limit or space number of children
Relationship between family planning and maternal mortality - ANSWER The more
controlled fertility is, the lower maternal mortality is
Adolescent motherhood - consequences - ANSWER Leads to higher fertility, higher
infant and mortality rates, greater likelihood of fistulas and disabilities
Teen mothers: are more likely to be anemic, less likely to seek prenatal care, at greater
risk for complications in childbirth, greater risk of premature and low weight babies, drop
out of school
Girl Rising: #1 cause of death girls 15 to 19 - ANSWER chlidbirth
Bongaarts: proximate determinants of fertility - ANSWER lactation, abortion, marriage,
contraception
Davis and Blake missed breastfeeding entirely
Bongaarts attempted to quantify the intermediate variables, which he re-named
proximate determinants, by proposing specific measures and using them to predict the
TFR, using data
proportions of women married or in sexual union (as proxy of % of women exposed to
sexual intercourse)
contraceptive use and effectiveness
